A3- joints Flashcards
1
Q
What are joints?
A
- where two or more bones meet
- this is known as ‘articulation ‘
- the human body contains approximately 350 joints which are broken into classifications depending on their range of movement and structure
2
Q
Joints in the upper body …
A
- thoracic vertebrae joint
- wrist joint
- shoulder joint
- elbow joint
- cervical vertebrae joint
3
Q
Joint in the lower body …
A
- sacrum joint
- ankle joint
- hip joint
- knee joint
- coccyx joint
- lumbar joint
4
Q
What are the classifications of joints?
A
- fibrous/ immovable joint
- cartilaginous/ slightly movable joints
- synovial/ freely movable joints
5
Q
Fibrous joints
A
- these joints do not move
- fixed joints form when the bones interlock and overlap during early childhood
- these are held together by bands of tough, fibrous tissue and are very strong
- cranium = more than 1 bone, numerous bones fused together
6
Q
Cartilaginous joints
A
- these allow slight movement
- the ends of the bone are covered in a smooth, shiny covering known as ‘articular’ or ‘hyaline’ cartilage (this is to reduce friction)
- the bones are separated by pads of fibre-cartilage which are able to absorb immense force
- vertebrae are able to move as these pads compress
7
Q
Synovial joints
A
- these have a very high level of mobility and are vital to all sporting movements (most joints in the body are synovial)
- a synovial joint has 2 bones, the ends of which are covered in articular cartilage which allows the movement with friction
- they will always have a synovial cavity (space between the bones) and surrounded by a capsule (filled with synovial fluid) , a little bit like a bubble
- synovial fluids lubricates and nourishes the joint
- the joint capsule is held together by strong ligaments
- these ligaments avoid dislocations while being flexible enough to allow a wide range of movement
8
Q
Joint capsule
A
- an outer sleeve to help hold the bones in place and protect the joint
- this capsule will also contain the main structure of the joint
9
Q
Bursa/ synovial cavity
A
- a small fluid filled sac which provides a cushion between the tendons and the bones, preventing friction (filled with synovial fluid)
10
Q
Articular cartilage
A
- on the ends of the bones that provide a smooth and slippery covering to stop bones rubbing/grinding together
11
Q
Synovial membrane
A
- the capsule lining that releases synovial fluid
12
Q
Synovial fluid
A
- a thick liquid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction between the bones
- synovial fluid also provides nutrients to articular cartilage
12
Q
Ligaments
A
- hold the bones together and keep them in place
13
Q
Hinge (synovial joint)
A
- allow movement in one direction only (like a hinge on a door)
- elbow and knee are typical examples
- exercise examples = running or a bicep curl
13
Q
What are the six types of synovial joint?
A
hinge, ball and socket, condyloid, gliding, pivot and saddle
14
Q
Ball and socket (synovial fluid)
A
- round end of the bone fits into the cup shaped socket in the other bone, allowing movement in all directions
- hip and shoulder
- exercise example = throwing a ball
