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Cell Bio Final > Cytoskeleton > Flashcards

Cytoskeleton Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton

A
  • cell movement
  • cell shape
  • delivery of cargo
  • intracellular location of organelles
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2
Q

three types of cytoskeletal proteins

A
  • intermediate filaments
  • actin filaments
  • microtubules
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3
Q

form a network throughout the cell, nuclear lamina, high tensile strength

A

intermediate filaments

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4
Q

intermediate filaments are assembled similarly to a

A

twisted rope

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5
Q

assembly of intermediate filaments

A
  • alpha helical rod of monomer
  • coil-coil dimer
  • staggered tetramer of two coiled dimers
  • two tetrameters packed together
  • 8 tetrameres — filament
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6
Q

2 main classes of intermediate filaments

A
  • cytoplasmic

- nuclear

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7
Q

3 types of cytoplasmic intermediate filaments

A
  • keratin filaments
  • vimentin
  • neurofilaments
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8
Q

IF found in epithelial cells

A

keratin filaments

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9
Q

IF found in CT cells, muscle cells, and glial cells

A

vimentin

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10
Q

IF found in nerve cells

A

neurofilaments

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11
Q

class of intermediate filaments under nuclear intermediate filaments

A

nuclear lamina (in all animal cells)

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12
Q

What is the disease associated with keratin?

A

epidermolysis bullosa simplex

(do not form keratin filaments in the skin, skin has mechanical stress blisters)

mutation in keratin 5 and keratin 14

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13
Q

What disease is associated with the nuclear laminin?

A

progeria

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14
Q
  • long hollow tubes
  • can rapidly assemble and disassemble
  • form basis of mitotic spindle, cilia, and flagella
A

microtubules

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15
Q

what are the organized centers that microtubules form

A
  • centrosomes
  • mitotic spindle poles
  • basal body of cilia
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16
Q

form of a microtubule

A

alpha and beta tubules that make a protofilament, 13 protofilaments

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17
Q

+ part of tubulin

A

beta, away from body cell

18
Q
  • part of tubulin
A

alpha, towards cell body

19
Q

when microtubules switch back and forth between polymerization and depolymerization

A

dynamic instability

20
Q

a type of drug that can affect microtubules, will bind and stabilize microtubules (gain more tubular, more growth)

A

taxol

21
Q

a type of drug that can affect microtubules, binds tubular dimers and prevents polymerizations (loose tubulin proteins)

A

colchicine, colcemid, vinblastine, cincristine

22
Q

guide the transport of organelles, vesicles, and macromolecules

A

microtubules

23
Q

motor proteins that move along cytoplasmic microtubules belong to two families:

A
  • Kinesin

- Dyneins

24
Q

generally move towards the plus end of microtubule (outward from the cell body)

A

kinesin

25
Q

move toward the minus end (toward cell bod)

A

dyneins

26
Q

use ATP to walk down microtubules

A

kinesins

27
Q

longer, wave like motion

A

flagella

28
Q

small hair like projections, whip like motion

A

ciliar\

29
Q

essential for cell movement

A

actin

30
Q

how are microtubules arrange in flagella and cilia

A

9+2

31
Q

actin bound with ATP

A

polymerizes

32
Q

actin bound with ADP

A

loose and depolymerizes

33
Q

actin needs —- while microtubules need —

A

ATP, GTP

34
Q

bind actin monomers to prevent them from being added to filaments

A

thymosin and profilin

35
Q

promote filament formation, actin-related biding proteins

A

formins and ARP’s

36
Q

cell crawling depends on

A

actin

37
Q

3 steps of cell crawling:

A
  1. cell pushes out protrusion at the front (leading edge)
  2. the protrusions adhere to the surface
  3. the rest of the cell drags itself forward as a result of anchorage points
38
Q

two filaments at the leading edge that allows movement

A

lamelipodium, filopodium

39
Q

sheet like

A

lamelipodium

40
Q

finger like projection

A

filopodium

41
Q

actin arrangement is regulated by the

A

Rho family of GTPases

42
Q

muscle contraction is dependent of the interaction of

A

myosin and actin

Cell Bio Final (8 decks)

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