Apoptosis

Question 1

Programmed cell death

Cellular suicide resulting from activation of a dedicated intracellular program

Answer 1

apoptosis

Question 2

Special case in which apoptosis is induced by loss of cell-to-cell or cell-to-ECM contact

Answer 2

anoikis

Question 3

Accidental cell death
Insult or injury will kill cells outright
Examples are temperature extremes or physical trauma

Answer 3

necrosis

Question 4

does not induce inflammation

Answer 4

apoptosis

Question 5

are phagocytes by macrophages

Answer 5

apoptosis

Question 6

overview of apoptosis

Answer 6

normal cell—condensation—fragmentation—-apoptic bodies

Question 7

what is the difference in necrosis and apoptosis

Answer 7

necrosis affects a group of cells whereas apoptosis affects an isolate cell

Question 8

organelles that are involved in apoptosis

Answer 8

• cell membrane - phospholipids are flipped
• mitochondria - loss of mitochondrial potential
• nucleus - nuclear condensation

Question 9

phospholipids flipping for apoptosis

Answer 9

phosphatidylserine (PS) on the inner membrane will be flipped to the outer — signals macrophages to engulf apoptotic bodies

Question 10

drive nuclear disassembly in apoptosis

Answer 10

caspases

Question 11

two pathways in apoptosis

Answer 11

extrinsic and intrinsic

Question 12

Receptor mediated
TNF- family
Fas/CD95 is the prototype
Caspase-8

Answer 12

extrinsic

Question 13

DNA damage or oxidative stress
Caspase activation (caspase-9)
Mitochondria depolarization
Bcl-2 family proteins

Answer 13

intrinsic

Question 14

two key molecular components of apoptosis

Answer 14

caspase proteases and Bcl-2 family of proteins

Question 15

Proteases that have a cysteine in their active site that cleave on the C-terminal side of aspartate residues

Answer 15

caspase proteases

Question 16

mainly involved in intrinsic

Answer 16

Bcl-2 family of proteins

Question 17

bcl-2 family of proteins three parts

Answer 17

protectors
killers
regulators

Question 18

4 main parts of an extrinsic pathway

Answer 18

pro-apoptotic ligand
death receptor
caspase 8
caspases 3 6 and 7

Question 19

7 parts of mitochondrial intrinsic pathway

Answer 19

apoptotic signal
mitochondria
cytochrome c
apaf 1
apoptosome
caspase 9 
caspases 3 and 7

Question 20

autoimmune disease in apoptosis

Answer 20

systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis

Question 21

neurological disorders in apoptosis

Answer 21

alzheimer, parkinson, huntington, ALS, stroke

Question 22

cardiovascular disorders in apoptosis

Answer 22

ischemia, heart failure, viral and bacterial infectious diseases

Question 23

non hodgkins lymphoma

Answer 23

t(14;18)(q32;q21)

Question 24

process of necrosis

Answer 24

1. trauma
2. cells and organelles swell, chromatin condenses, membranes compromised and fluid rushes in
3. dissolution of cellular structures
4. cell lysis and phagocytic cells, inflammation