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Cell Bio Final > CT and Adhesion > Flashcards

CT and Adhesion Flashcards

1
Q

types of CT - 6 types

A 
loose CT
dense CT
blood
lymph
cartilage
bone
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2
Q

Sparse extracellular matrix of hyaluronan and proteoglycans supported by few collagen fibrils and elastic fibrils

A

loose CT

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3
Q

examples of LCT

A

vitreous body of eye, gastrointestinal tract which contain lymphocytes, fat cells, plasma cells, macrophages

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4
Q

Predominately collagen fibers and a few fibroblasts. can be elastic

A

DCT

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5
Q

where is DCT found

A

tendons, cornea, wall of the intestine or skin

Walls of arteries
Dermal layer of skin

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6
Q

which CT is mostly cells?

which CT is mostly fibers?

A

cells - L

fibers - D

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7
Q
  • Covers the articular surfaces of joints, supports airways (trachea), skeletal appendages such as nose and ears
  • ECM consisting of collagen fibrils and high concentrations of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
A

cartilage

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8
Q

synthesize and secrete macromolecules that make up cartilage

A

chondrocytes

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9
Q

25% of the dry mass of cartilage

A

type 2 collagen

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10
Q

75% of catalog, absorb water, which strengthens the cartilage and makes it resistant to compression

A

proteoglycans

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11
Q

Composite material of collagen fibrils (tensile strength) embedded in a matrix of calcium phosphate (rigidity)

A

bone

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12
Q

type 1 collagen fibrils and calcium phosphate

A

bone

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13
Q

cells that secrete bone

A

osteoblasts

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14
Q

an osteoblast that has enclosed itself with bone matrix

A

osteocyte

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15
Q

giant multinucleated cells that specialize in bone resorption

A

osteoclasts

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16
Q

process of bone remodeling

A
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17
Q

bone fracture healing

A
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18
Q

2 genes that have genetic control for the formation of skeleton

A
  • HOX genes

- PAX genes

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19
Q

hormonal control of formation of skeleton

A
  • circulating growth hormone

- local control (bone morphogenic proteins BMPs & fibroblast growth factors FGF)

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20
Q

Thinning of the bone
Common in the elderly
50% of women will suffer from an osteoporosis related fracture during their life
Cause is unknown – nutrition, activity, vitamin D, genetic variation in type I collagen gene

A

osteoporosis

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21
Q

Failure of bone resorption
Too much bone
Fatal due to bone marrow failure
Recessive mutations in proton ATPase pumps or chloride channels

A

osteopetrosis

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22
Q

Congential fragile bone syndrome

All patients have a mutations in the gene for type I collagen

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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23
Q

cell adhesion is important in (5)

A
  • apoptosis
  • chemotaxis
  • wound healing
  • proliferation
  • cancer metastasis
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24
Q

molecules involved in adhesion

A

cadherin, Ig-family, integral, selectin

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25
Q
  • family contains hundreds of adhesion proteins
  • have 1-7 extracellular domains similar to immunoglobulin domains
  • single polyp. or multimemric
  • bind integrins
  • signaling between cells
A

Ig-CAM

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26
Q

CD2

A

t cells

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27
Q

CD4

A

T cells & receptor for HIV

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28
Q

CD8

29
Q

ICAM1

30
Q

ICAM2

A

ENDOTHELIUM

31
Q

VACM1

A

ENDOTHELUM

32
Q

NCAM

33
Q
  • Structure of organs depends on the Ca2+ binding of —–between cells
34
Q

hallmark of cadherins is the

A

CAD domain

35
Q

Differential Expression of Cadherins Form the

A

neural tube

36
Q

three types of EMT

A
  1. development type 1
  2. chronic (fibrosing) injury type 2
  3. malignancy type 3
37
Q

highly regulated and is associated with embryonic implantation and organ formation.

A

type 1 emt (primary, secondary, tertiary)

38
Q

associated with inflammation and fibrosis and is now increasingly recognized in adult pathological conditions.

A

type 2 emt

39
Q

is involved with malignant cell transformation, including the acquisition of invasive metastatic cellular properties

40
Q

EMT =

A

epithelial to mesenchymal transition

41
Q

MET =

A

mesenchymal to epithelial transition

42
Q

hallmark of EMT

A

loss of E-cadherin expression

43
Q

tightly associated with b-catenin signaling, which is dysfunctional in many tumor types, such a colon cancer.

44
Q

widely believed to be a key step in initiated cancer metastasis

45
Q
  • Main cellular receptors for ECM

- Heterodimers of two transmembrane polypeptides called a- and b-chains, which both bind ligand

A

integrin family

46
Q

White blood cells & platelets use these to interact with vascular endothelial cells

47
Q

a Ca2+ dependent lectin domain that binds O-linked oligosaccharides containing sialic acid fucose (e.g.: mucins)

A

selectins defining feature

48
Q

neutrophil rolling and adherence

A
  1. attachment
  2. rolling
  3. activation
  4. arrest and adhesion strengthening
  5. transendothelial migration
49
Q

6 types of intercellular junction

A 
Adherens junctions
Desmosomes
Tight junctions
Gap junctions
Hemidesmosomes
Focal adhesions
50
Q
  • Joins the plasma membrane of two cells together
  • Form a belt like seal that limits the diffusion of water, ions and large solutes, and prevents cell migration
  • Separate the interior of the body from the outside world
A

tight junctions

51
Q

two major proteins in tight junctions

A
  1. occludin

3. claudin

52
Q

structure of tight junction

53
Q

Claudin Connects Tight Junctions to Actin via —

A

ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3 Adaptors

54
Q

The ZO-toxin causes diarrhea by loosing the tight junction, which induces secretion

A

vibrio cholerae

55
Q

inject a protein toxin into cell lining the stomach that disrupts tight junctions, that can lead to the formation of ulcer

A

helicobacter pylori

56
Q

Plaques that contain large intercellular channels that connect the cytoplasms of a pair of cells

A

gap junctions

57
Q

half of the channel (one half from each cell) of gap junctions

58
Q

each connection is made of six protein subunits called

59
Q

structure of GAP junctions

60
Q

cause of inherited deafness – loss of K+ transport in epithelia supporting sensory hair cell in the ear

A

mutation in connexin-36

61
Q

result in degeneration of the myelin sheath around axons - X-linked variant of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

A

mutations in connexin-32

62
Q
  • Occur at the cell-cell junction between epithelial and endothelial tissues
  • Result of homophilic (like – like) interactions between cadherins
A

adherens junctions

63
Q
  • Are also the result of homophilic intereactions between cadherins
  • Connections between epithelial tissues and muscle tissue
A

desmosomes

64
Q

provide the transmembrane link between cytoskeleton and ECM ligands

A

interns of the ECM

65
Q

link cytoplasmic actin filaments to the extracellular matrix

66
Q

bind actin monomers to prevent them from being added to filaments

A

thymosin and profilin

67
Q

actin-related biding proteins promote filament formation

A

formins and ARP’s

68
Q

3 steps of cell crawling with actin

A
  1. the cell pushes out protrusion at the front
  2. the protrusions adhere to the surface
  3. the rest of the cell drags itself forward as a result of anchorage points
69
Q

lamelipodium (actin filament) and filopdoim (actin filament)

A

L - sheet like

F - finger like projections

Cell Bio Final (8 decks)

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