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Kaplan: Immunology > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

IL-1 is secreted by what cells?

A

monocytes, macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, others

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2
Q

What are the target tissues for IL-1?

A

Th cells
B cells
NK cells
endothelial cells
macrophages and neutrophils
hepatocytes
hypothalamus

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3
Q

How does IL-1 act on Th cells?

A

costimulates activation

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4
Q

How does IL-1 act on B cells?

A

promotes maturation and clonnal expansionn

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5
Q

How does IL-1 act on NK cells?

A

enhances activity

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6
Q

How does IL-1 act on endothelial cells?

A

increases expression of ICAMs

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7
Q

How does IL-1 act on macrophages and neutrophils?

A

chemotactically attracts

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8
Q

How does IL-1 act on hepatocytes?

A

induces synthesis of acute-phase proteins

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9
Q

How does IL-1 act on the hypothalamus?

A

induces fever

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10
Q

IL-2 is secreted by what cells?

A

Th cells

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11
Q

What is the target cell/tissue IL-2 targets?

A

antigen primed Th and CTLs

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12
Q

What is hte action of IL-2?

A

induces proliferation, enhances activity

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13
Q

What type of cells is IL-3 secreted by?

A

Th cells, NK cells

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14
Q

What is the target cell/tissue for IL-3?

A

hematopoietic cells (myeloid)

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15
Q

IL-3 has what actionns on hematopoietic cells (myeloid)?

A

supports growth and differentiation

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16
Q

IL-4 is secreted by what cells?

A

Th2 cells

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17
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of IL-4?

A

antigen-primed B cells, activated B cells

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18
Q

What is the action of IL-4 on antigen-primed B cells?

A

costimulates activationn

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19
Q

What is the action of IL-4 on activated B cells?

A

stimulates proliferation and differentiation, induces class switch to IgE

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20
Q

What cells is IL-5 secreted by?

A

Th2 cells and mast cells

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21
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of IL-5?

A

bone marrow cells

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22
Q

What is the action of IL-5 on bone marrow cells?

A

induces eosinophil differentiation

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23
Q

What are the cells that secrete IL-6?

A

monocytes, macrophages, Th2 cells, bone marrow stromal cells

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24
Q

What is the target cell/tissue for IL-6?

A
  • proliferating B cells
  • plasma cells
  • myeloid stem cells
  • hepatocytes
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25
Q

What is the action of IL-6 on proliferating B cells?

A

promotes terminal differentiation into plasma cells

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26
Q

What is the action of IL-6 on plasma cells?

A

stimulates Ab secretion

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27
Q

What is the action of myeloid stem cells on IL-6?

A

helps promote differentiation

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28
Q

What is the action of IL-6 on hepatocytes?

A

induces synthesis of acute phase proteins

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29
Q

What cells are the cytokinne IL-7 secreted by?

A

bone marrow, thymic stromal cells

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30
Q

What are the target cells/ tissues for IL-7?

A

lymphoid stem cells

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31
Q

What are the action of IL-7 on lymphoid stem cells?

A

induces differentiation into progenitor B and T cells

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32
Q

IL-8 is secreted by what type of cells?

A

macrophages, endothelial cells

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33
Q

IL-8 targets what target cells/ tissue?

A

neutrophils

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34
Q

What is the action of IL-8 on neutrophils?

A

chemokine, induces adherence to endothelium and extravasation into tissues

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35
Q

What is IL-10 secreted by?

A

Th2
TReg cells

36
Q

What are the target cells/tissue of IL-10?

A

macrophages?

37
Q

What is the activity of IL-10 on macrophages?

A

suppresses cytokine production by Th1 cells

38
Q

What cells secrete IL-11?

A

bone marrow stroma

39
Q

What is the target cell/tissue for IL-11?

A

bone marrow

40
Q

What are the actions of IL-11 on bone marrow?

A

increase platelet count

41
Q

What are the cells that secrete IL-12?

A

macrophages, B cells

42
Q

What are the target cells/tissue of IL-12 cytokine release?

A
  • activated CD8+ cells
  • NK and LAK cells and activated Th1 cells
43
Q

What is the action of IL-12 on CD8+ cells?

A

acts synergistically with IL-2 to induce differentiation into CTLs

44
Q

How does IL-12 act on NK and LAK cells and activated Th1 cells?

A

stimulates proliferation

45
Q

What is IL-13 secreted by?

46
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of IL-13?

47
Q

What is the action of IL-13 on B cells?

A

induces isotype switch to IgE

48
Q

What cells is IL-17 secreted by?

A

Th17 cells

49
Q

What are are target cells/ tissues of IL-17?

A

fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages

50
Q

What is the action of IL-17 on fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages?

A
  • increases inflammation
  • attracts PMNs, induces IL-6, IL-1, TGFB, TNFa, IL-8
51
Q

What is cells are IL-18 secreted by?

A

macrophages

52
Q

What is the target of IL-18 release?

A

IFN-y synthesis

53
Q

What are the actions of IL-18?

A

NNK cells, Th cells, IFN-y synthesis

54
Q

IFN-a (type I) is secreted by what cells?

A

leukocytes

55
Q

IFN-a (type I) targets which type of cells?

A

uninfected cells

56
Q

Function of IFN-a?

A

inhibits viral replication

57
Q

IL-22 is secreted by what cells?

58
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of IL 22?

A

endothelium

59
Q

What is the function of IL-22?

A

stabilizes endothelial barrier, induces secretion of microbials

60
Q

What is IFN-B( type I) secreted by?

A

fibroblasts

61
Q

What are the target cells of IFN-B?

A

uninfected cells

62
Q

What is the action of IFN-B?

A

inhibits viral replication

63
Q

What cells secrete IFN-y (type II)?

A

Th1, CTLs, NK cells

64
Q

What is the target of IFN-y (type II)?

A
  • macrophages
  • many cell types
  • proliferating B cells
  • Th2 cells
  • Phagocytic cells
65
Q

Function of IFN-y (type II) on macrophages?

A

enhances activity of macrophages

66
Q

Other functions of IFN-y (type II) besides macrophage function

A
  • many cell types: increases expression of classes I and II MHC
  • proliferating B cells: induces class switch to IgG2a, blocks IL-4-induced class switch to IgE and IgG1
  • Th2 cells: inhibits proliferation
  • Phagocytic cells: mediates effects important in DTH, treatment for CGD
67
Q

What is TGF-B secreted by?

A

platelets, macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells

68
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of TGF-B?

A

proliferating B cells

69
Q

What is the action of TGF-B?

A

induces class switch to IgA

70
Q

What is TNF-a secreted by?

A

macrophages, NK cells

71
Q

What are the target cells/ tissue of TNF-a?

A

tumor cells, inflammatory cells

72
Q

Action of TNF-a on tumor cells?

A

has cytotoxic effect

73
Q

Action of TNF-a on inflammatory cells?

A

induces cytokine secretion, causes cachexia of chronic inflammation

74
Q

TNF-B is secreted by what cells?

A

Th1 and CTL

75
Q

Target cells/tissue of TNF-B?

A

tumor cells, macrophages and neutrophils

76
Q

What are the actions of TNF-B on tumor cells?

A

has cytotoxic and other effects, like TNF-a

77
Q

What are the action of TNF-B on macrophages and neutrophils?

A

enhances phagocytic activity

78
Q

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is secreted by what cells?

A

macrophages and Th cells

79
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of G-CSF?

A

bone marrow granulocyte precursors

80
Q

What is the function of G-CSF?

A

induce proliferation, used clinically to counteract neutropenia following ablative chemotherapy

81
Q

What is GM-CSF secreted by?

A

macrophages and Th cells

82
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of GM-CSF?

A

bone marrow granulocyte and macrophage precursors

83
Q

What is the action of GM-CSF?

A

induces proliferation; used clinically to counteract neutropenia following ablative chemotherapy

84
Q

Mneumonic to remember the main functions of IL-1 - IL-6.

A

IL-1: fever (hot)
IL-2: stimulates T cells
IL-3: stimulates bone marrow
IL-4: stimulates IgE production
IL-5: stimulates IgA production
IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production

“Hot T-bone stEAK”

85
Q

What is a mneumonic to remember IL-8 major function?

A

“Clean up on aisle 8.” Neutrophils are recruited by IL-8 to clear infections

Kaplan: Immunology (16 decks)

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