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Kaplan: Immunology > Cytokines > Flashcards

Cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

IL-1 is secreted by what cells?

A

monocytes, macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, others

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2
Q

What are the target tissues for IL-1?

A

Th cells
B cells
NK cells
endothelial cells
macrophages and neutrophils
hepatocytes
hypothalamus

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3
Q

How does IL-1 act on Th cells?

A

costimulates activation

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4
Q

How does IL-1 act on B cells?

A

promotes maturation and clonnal expansionn

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5
Q

How does IL-1 act on NK cells?

A

enhances activity

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6
Q

How does IL-1 act on endothelial cells?

A

increases expression of ICAMs

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7
Q

How does IL-1 act on macrophages and neutrophils?

A

chemotactically attracts

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8
Q

How does IL-1 act on hepatocytes?

A

induces synthesis of acute-phase proteins

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9
Q

How does IL-1 act on the hypothalamus?

A

induces fever

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10
Q

IL-2 is secreted by what cells?

A

Th cells

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11
Q

What is the target cell/tissue IL-2 targets?

A

antigen primed Th and CTLs

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12
Q

What is hte action of IL-2?

A

induces proliferation, enhances activity

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13
Q

What type of cells is IL-3 secreted by?

A

Th cells, NK cells

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14
Q

What is the target cell/tissue for IL-3?

A

hematopoietic cells (myeloid)

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15
Q

IL-3 has what actionns on hematopoietic cells (myeloid)?

A

supports growth and differentiation

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16
Q

IL-4 is secreted by what cells?

A

Th2 cells

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17
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of IL-4?

A

antigen-primed B cells, activated B cells

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18
Q

What is the action of IL-4 on antigen-primed B cells?

A

costimulates activationn

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19
Q

What is the action of IL-4 on activated B cells?

A

stimulates proliferation and differentiation, induces class switch to IgE

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20
Q

What cells is IL-5 secreted by?

A

Th2 cells and mast cells

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21
Q

What is the target cell/tissue of IL-5?

A

bone marrow cells

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22
Q

What is the action of IL-5 on bone marrow cells?

A

induces eosinophil differentiation

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23
Q

What are the cells that secrete IL-6?

A

monocytes, macrophages, Th2 cells, bone marrow stromal cells

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24
Q

What is the target cell/tissue for IL-6?

A
  • proliferating B cells
  • plasma cells
  • myeloid stem cells
  • hepatocytes
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25
What is the action of IL-6 on proliferating B cells?
promotes terminal differentiation into plasma cells
26
What is the action of IL-6 on plasma cells?
stimulates Ab secretion
27
What is the action of myeloid stem cells on IL-6?
helps promote differentiation
28
What is the action of IL-6 on hepatocytes?
induces synthesis of acute phase proteins
29
What cells are the cytokinne IL-7 secreted by?
bone marrow, thymic stromal cells
30
What are the target cells/ tissues for IL-7?
lymphoid stem cells
31
What are the action of IL-7 on lymphoid stem cells?
induces differentiation into progenitor B and T cells
32
IL-8 is secreted by what type of cells?
macrophages, endothelial cells
33
IL-8 targets what target cells/ tissue?
neutrophils
34
What is the action of IL-8 on neutrophils?
chemokine, induces adherence to endothelium and extravasation into tissues
35
What is IL-10 secreted by?
Th2 TReg cells
36
What are the target cells/tissue of IL-10?
macrophages?
37
What is the activity of IL-10 on macrophages?
suppresses cytokine production by Th1 cells
38
What cells secrete IL-11?
bone marrow stroma
39
What is the target cell/tissue for IL-11?
bone marrow
40
What are the actions of IL-11 on bone marrow?
increase platelet count
41
What are the cells that secrete IL-12?
macrophages, B cells
42
What are the target cells/tissue of IL-12 cytokine release?
* activated CD8+ cells * NK and LAK cells and activated Th1 cells
43
What is the action of IL-12 on CD8+ cells?
acts synergistically with IL-2 to induce differentiation into CTLs
44
How does IL-12 act on NK and LAK cells and activated Th1 cells?
stimulates proliferation
45
What is IL-13 secreted by?
Th2 cells
46
What is the target cell/tissue of IL-13?
B cells
47
What is the action of IL-13 on B cells?
induces isotype switch to IgE
48
What cells is IL-17 secreted by?
Th17 cells
49
What are are target cells/ tissues of IL-17?
fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages
50
What is the action of IL-17 on fibroblasts, endothelial cells, macrophages?
* increases inflammation * attracts PMNs, induces IL-6, IL-1, TGFB, TNFa, IL-8
51
What is cells are IL-18 secreted by?
macrophages
52
What is the target of IL-18 release?
IFN-y synthesis
53
What are the actions of IL-18?
NNK cells, Th cells, IFN-y synthesis
54
IFN-a (type I) is secreted by what cells?
leukocytes
55
IFN-a (type I) targets which type of cells?
uninfected cells
56
Function of IFN-a?
inhibits viral replication
57
IL-22 is secreted by what cells?
Th-17
58
What is the target cell/tissue of IL 22?
endothelium
59
What is the function of IL-22?
stabilizes endothelial barrier, induces secretion of microbials
60
What is IFN-B( type I) secreted by?
fibroblasts
61
What are the target cells of IFN-B?
uninfected cells
62
What is the action of IFN-B?
inhibits viral replication
63
What cells secrete IFN-y (type II)?
Th1, CTLs, NK cells
64
What is the target of IFN-y (type II)?
* macrophages * many cell types * proliferating B cells * Th2 cells * Phagocytic cells
65
Function of IFN-y (type II) on macrophages?
enhances activity of macrophages
66
Other functions of IFN-y (type II) besides macrophage function
* many cell types: increases expression of classes I and II MHC * proliferating B cells: induces class switch to IgG2a, blocks IL-4-induced class switch to IgE and IgG1 * Th2 cells: inhibits proliferation * Phagocytic cells: mediates effects important in DTH, treatment for CGD
67
What is TGF-B secreted by?
platelets, macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells
68
What is the target cell/tissue of TGF-B?
proliferating B cells
69
What is the action of TGF-B?
induces class switch to IgA
70
What is TNF-a secreted by?
macrophages, NK cells
71
What are the target cells/ tissue of TNF-a?
tumor cells, inflammatory cells
72
Action of TNF-a on tumor cells?
has cytotoxic effect
73
Action of TNF-a on inflammatory cells?
induces cytokine secretion, causes cachexia of chronic inflammation
74
TNF-B is secreted by what cells?
Th1 and CTL
75
Target cells/tissue of TNF-B?
tumor cells, macrophages and neutrophils
76
What are the actions of TNF-B on tumor cells?
has cytotoxic and other effects, like TNF-a
77
What are the action of TNF-B on macrophages and neutrophils?
enhances phagocytic activity
78
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is secreted by what cells?
macrophages and Th cells
79
What is the target cell/tissue of G-CSF?
bone marrow granulocyte precursors
80
What is the function of G-CSF?
induce proliferation, used clinically to counteract neutropenia following ablative chemotherapy
81
What is GM-CSF secreted by?
macrophages and Th cells
82
What is the target cell/tissue of GM-CSF?
bone marrow granulocyte and macrophage precursors
83
What is the action of GM-CSF?
induces proliferation; used clinically to counteract neutropenia following ablative chemotherapy
84
Mneumonic to remember the main functions of IL-1 - IL-6.
IL-1: fever (hot) IL-2: stimulates T cells IL-3: stimulates bone marrow IL-4: stimulates IgE production IL-5: stimulates IgA production IL-6: stimulates aKute-phase protein production "Hot T-bone stEAK"
85
What is a mneumonic to remember IL-8 major function?
"Clean up on aisle 8." Neutrophils are recruited by IL-8 to clear infections

Kaplan: Immunology (16 decks)

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