Cyclohexamines

Question 1

This cyclohexamine:

— is used as induction anesthetic for cats, dogs, horses, birds and other exotic species

Repeated injections cause large amounts of drugs to accumulate in the tissues increasing the risk of seizure activity during recovery and significantly prolonging the recovery period.

Answer 1

Ketamine HCl

Question 2

recovery period of Ketamine HCl

Answer 2

2–6 hours, depending on the dose given and the route of administration

Question 3

Ketamine HCl onset of action

Answer 3

Rapid onset of action after:
IV — 90 seconds
or
IM — 2-4 minutes

Question 4

Ketamine-tranquilizer mixtures (4)

Answer 4

1. Ketamine-diazepam
2. Ketamine-xylazine
3. Ketamine-medetomidine
4. Ketamine acepromazine

Question 5

Ketamine-tranquilizer mixtures

— Popular IV induction of cats and dogs
— Mixture may precipitate if stored for longer periods.
— Onset of action: 30-90 seconds
— Anesthesia : 5-10 minutes
— Recovery period: 30-60 minutes

Answer 5

Ketamine-diazepam

Question 6

Ketamine-tranquilizer mixtures

— Used primarily for feline and equine anesthesia
— In cats, combination induces profound catalepsy with excellent muscle relaxation and some analgesia
— Associated with significant cardiovascular and respiratory effects in small animals, including hypoventilation, hypertension, and decreased cardiac output
— Increases risk of aspiration of vomitus
— Should be used with caution in dogs

Answer 6

Ketamine-xylazine

Question 7

Ketamine-tranquilizer mixtures

— Cardiovascular side effects are less pronounced with IM route
— High doses may be associated with seizures during the recovery period

Answer 7

Ketamine-medetomidine

Question 8

Medetomidine reversal agent

Answer 8

atipamezole

Question 9

Ketamine-tranquilizer mixtures

— Less respiratory depression and fewer cardiovascular side effects than with ketamine-xylazine mixture
— With limited muscle relaxation

Answer 9

Ketamine-acepromazine

Question 10

This cyclohexamine drug
— is sold only in combination with zolazepam
Telazol®
Zoletil®

Advantages over ketamine:
— Less pronounced apneustic respiration
— May be administered by the IM, IV or SC route
— Effective in many species of wildlife and is the drug of choice for capture and immobilization in some species

Answer 10

Tiletamine HCl

Question 11

Duration of action of Tiletamine is __x that of ketamine

Answer 11

3x

Question 12

Large doses induce analgesia and general anesthesia of Tiletamine in what animals? (5)

Answer 12

1. mice
2. rats
3. pigeons
4. cats
5. monkeys

Question 13

Only CNS depression occurs (no analgesia) in these animals (2)

Answer 13

1. guinea pig
2. rabbits

Question 14

Tiletamine

Onset of anesthesia

Answer 14

2-5 mins after IM injection

Question 15

Tiletamine

duration of anesthesia

Answer 15

20-30 mins

Question 16

Disadvantages of tiletamin

1. difficult recovery
2. increased sensitivity to stimuli
3. tremors
4. muscle rigidity
5. seizure acitivity
6. hyperthermia