1st Exam. Part 4. DRUGS used Flashcards
continuous use will result in TREMORS
Ketamine
_____;______ has fast onset but in cats, it is seldom used because they lack an enzyme for glucuronidation
procaine; propofol (parakeets)
avoid these (2) in cats due to their high sensitivity that cause severe excitement, convulsions, and tremors
- morphine
- meperidine
avoid this in horses
acetylpromazine
this cause slow recovery for greyhounds
thiobarbiturates
diuretic for cerebral edema
mannitol
time of administration depends on the route (PO, IM, IV)
Prophylactic antibiotics
Give the duration:
Analgesics
PO:
IM:
IV:
PO: 3 hrs (not preferred)
IM: 30 minutes
IV: Right before surgery
anesthetic consideration for GERIATRIC patients
Xylazine
anesthetic consideration for PREGNANT patients
long acting baribiturates
- phenobarbital (Luminal)
- primidone
- mephobarbital (Mebaral)
anesthetic consideration for AVIAN / REPTILES
gas anesthesia (ISOFLURANE) – required
sheep & goats are SENSITIVE to
Xylazine
(2) reversal drugs
- yohimbine
- atepamezole
replace blood post-operation
Albumen (protein)
this type of antibiotics is given for 5- 7 days
Systemic antibiotics
to prevent dead space
seroma bodily fluids (in dead space)
For superficial wounds only (skin)
Chlorhexidine 0.3%
2-5% is for sterilization of instruments (10-12 mins)
it could delay wound healing for longer periods of time (7-10 days);
ideal : 5 days
Povidone iodine (7.5%)
0.5 % Sodium hydrogen chloride
(1:9 bleach/detergent to sodium chloride ratio)
may kill neutrophils
Dakin’s solution
used as a storage or dilution buffer for RNA and DNA
a useful adjunct in treating equine genital infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Tris EDTA
(cytotoxic): used in cases for spore forming bacteria:
1) Clostridium
2) Bacillus
Hydrogen peroxide (cytotoxic)
active ; used when tetanus toxoid is given prior to procedure (IM)
Tetanus toxoid
passive ;
often given if the animal did not receive tart us toxoid prior to surgery;
skin test should be performed before injection (IM);
may cause anaphylactic reaction or acute hepatic disease in horses
Tetanus serum
normal saline solution used for fluid loss
crystalloids
blood volumizer / expander (ex. albumen protein) used for fluid loss
colloids
selectively removes non-viable tissues, fine debridement, indicated in patients with increases anesthesia patients
Enzymatic (trypsin & chymotrypsin)
a passive drainage used as a guide where fluid from dead space would exit
Penrose drain
antibiotics for control of bacterial growth
- direct application: high level in wounds quickly
- Ineffective when applied 4 hours or more after injury
Not effective against Clostridium sp
Topical
more water than oil (used for WET wounds)
Cream
more oil than water (used for drier wound; longer action)
Ointment
anti-myiasis & anti-septic
a combinex, to prevent fly attraction
Diclopenthione
provided for patients with KIDNEY problems
Doxycycline
should not be used in animals with neurogenic signs (NEUROTOXIC)
Aminoglycosides
should not be given with milk or iron due to possible CHELATION
Doxycycline
drugs that should not be given together
Tetracycline and Penicillin
(bacteriostatic and bactericidal)
used for gas sterilization (bactericidal and sporicidal);
Flammable and Expensive
Ethylene oxide
for cold chemical sterilization (3)
- Do not dull sharp instruments
- Effective in smooth and hard surfaces
- Affected by dilution and ineffective against spores
- Povidone iodine 3%
- Chlorhexidine
- Gutaraldehyde
most effective in 10 hours but needs to be washed after, else, it could damage tissue
Glutaraldehyde
- is applied to sterile gauze pads/instruments
- applied on surgical sites with “friction”
- are not wiped off but are allowed to dry
Germicide
example of germicide mixtures
1) Alcohol + Chlorhexidine
2) Alcohol + Povidone Iodine (inactivated by organic material)
