1st Exam. Part 12. Healing of BONES & Other tissues

Question 1

• break in the continuity in the bone
• Causes: trauma, medical conditions

(osteoporosis, ricketts)

Answer 1

Fractures

Question 2

Phases of Bone Healing

Answer 2

1. Inflammatory
2. Reparative
3. Remodeling

Question 3

Inflammatory phase starts as ____ at the fracture site

Answer 3

hematoma

Question 4

BV would vasoconstrict to prevent blood loss:

Production of inflammatory signals for repair;

Fibrin clot functions as a network for fibroblasts to grow (inflammation to reparative);

Often not observed in
radiography ;

Promotion of angiogenesis and signal start for reparative stage

Answer 4

Inflammatory phase

Question 5

Phase where organization of hematoma occurs

Answer 5

Reparative phase

Question 6

Cell differentiation, ;

Endothelial cells will differentiate into
– fibroblast and osteoblasts (high oxygen tension) into
– bone and chondroblast (low oxygen tension) into
– cartilage

Formation of callus (formed
by
- osteogenic cell
- medullary cavity
- endosteum

Hard callus (4-16 wks)

Answer 6

Reparative phase

Question 7

In reparative phase, the bridge between bone fragments is formed by the ____ __

Answer 7

haversian canal

Question 8

Callus formation starts at this bone marrow

Answer 8

Medullary Bridging Callus

Question 9

External callus formation, movement going outside

Answer 9

Periosteal bridging callus

Question 10

Callus formation which movement is toward each other

Answer 10

Intercortical uniting callus

Question 11

Resorption of bone occurs if bone formation.

Is no longer necessary

Function of the osteoclasts

Answer 11

Remodeling

Question 12

Types of Fracture repair

Answer 12

1. Primary
2. Secondary

Question 13

Primary CONTACT healings

Answer 13

1. bone fragments are apposed
2. rigid fixations are necessary
3. hairline fractures

Question 14

takes more time,
direct ossification

Answer 14

Primary GAP healing

Question 15

Tying the stainless steel wire to fix the fragments together

Not recommended for
several bone fragments

Wires are st need beyond the fracture line

Answer 15

Cerclage wire

Question 16

pin should serve as foundation where the bone forms a union

Answer 16

Intramedullary Pin (IM PIN)

Question 17

an external fixator, immobilizes the limb

Answer 17

sling & bandages

Question 18

use this if the wound fracture is at the HIP or near FEMORAL head

Answer 18

Ehmer’s sling

Question 19

use this if wound fracture is at the SHOULDER JOINT

Answer 19

Velteau Sling

Question 20

Complications of Bone Fracture (5)

Answer 20

1) Osteomyelitis
2) Mal-Union
3) Non-Union
4) Delayed Union
5) Antimicrobial culture

Question 21

• Mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis externa , serosa
• Serosa should be apposed properly
• Suture should not pass through the lumen for stomach lining due to the possibility of premature dehiscence from the gastric fluids.

Healing of?

Answer 21

healing of TUBULAR organs

Question 22

• limited regenerative property
• Does not hold sutures very well (interrupted suture pattern is ideal for muscles
• Scarring decreases muscle efficiency

Answer 22

healing of MUSCLES

Question 23

do NOT incise through this and not the abdominal muscles

Answer 23

linea alba

Question 24

• increased in scar formation, decreases the function
• Healing should minimize scar formation
• Synovial fluid should be retained due to its nutritious property that could aid in wound healing

Answer 24

healing of TENDONS & LIGAMENTS

Question 25

• usually found in joints

Answer 25

healing of CARTILAGE

Question 26

this has a vital role in healing of joint injuries

Answer 26

Synovial fluid