CVA Flashcards

1
Q

cerebral vascular accident

A

problem with blood supply to brain

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2
Q

Risk factors

A

HTN, high cholesterol
Tobacco, diabetes
Birth-control, increased age, men
Sickle cell anemia
History TIA, a fib

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3
Q

Ischemic stroke

A

occlusion of cerebral artery
Due to thrombus, embolus

Darkened area on CT

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4
Q

Ischemia

A

decreased blood supply
Oxygen deprivation
Neurodeficits within one minute
Continued loss of supply – irreversible damage

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5
Q

Thrombotic cause of stroke

A

atherosclerosis – damage to endothelium, plaque forms, narrows vessel

Hypercoagulable state – inappropriate forming of clots

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6
Q

embolic cause of stroke

A

Cardiac- mural thrombus, A fib
Venus clot of atrial septum defect
Thrombus of vegetation valves

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7
Q

patent foramen ovale

A

hole leading to clot formation, moving from right to left atria

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8
Q

A fib cause

A

left atrial thrombus
Inability of atria to contract, ineffective pooling to blood, pooling, clot formation

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9
Q

penumbra

A

ischemic area that is still viable

goal- Salvage within three hours

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10
Q

Hemorrhagic stroke

A

bleeding within brain parenchyma
Due to long, severe hypertension

can occur within minutes to hours
Can be due to aneurysm

larger area affected
Increased intracranial pressure with inflammation
Herniation

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11
Q

should you give anticoagulate hours to someone with a hemorrhagic stroke

A

No, I can make the bleeding worse

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12
Q

prognosis of hemorrhagic stroke

A

Due to age, location and size
How rapid the bleeding causes brain, distortion and shift

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13
Q

epidural hemorrhage

A

Due to skull fracture, arterial
Lots of bleeding, less severe injury

above Dura, under skull

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14
Q

subdural hemorrhage

A

Bridging veins
Brain moved within skull, vessels don’t
Rapid decline – severe injury
Can also be slow – 2 to 10 days

Below Dura

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15
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Between outer arachnoid and pia matter

Area filled with CSF – blood tinged
Rupture of cerebral aneurysms, anterior venous malformation

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16
Q

what is the most common type of aneurysm to rupture in the brain?

A

Barry aneurysm

17
Q

presentation of hemorrhage, stroke

A

30 to 60 years
Serious disabilities
Worst headache ever
Rapid change in LOC
Irritation of meninges – neck
rigidity, photophobia

18
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage care

A

Bedrest with sedation
** BP range
Surgical clipping
Prophylactic anticonvulsant
nimodipine
triple H – pressers, Colloids, hemodilution

19
Q

BEFAST

A

Balance – loss, HA, dizzy
Eyes – loss, pupils
Face– symmetry
Arm– weakness
Speech– difficulty
Time-call 911

20
Q

what is the first form of treatment for a stroke?

A

CT scan without contrast to exclude hemorrhage

Better in acute setting

21
Q

what type of procedure can be performed to remove a clot?

A

Penumbra procedure

22
Q

Left-sided brain consequences of stroke

A

More focused on analytics and communication

23
Q

Right sided consequences of stroke

A

More focused on shapes, art, music

24
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing
Evaluate risk for aspiration

25
Motor and sensory deficits
Due to neglect No sensory input from damage Decreased muscle coordination
26
Flaccidity
weakness, limpness Contralateral side
27
spasticity
Can cause contractures Occurs within six weeks
28
Visual disturbances
Contralateral field blindness Homonymous hemianopia
29
Aphasia
Language disability
30
receptive aphasia
Able to communicate, difficulty understanding
31
expressive aphasia
Difficulty speaking, able to understand
32
Dysphasia
Impairment of speech
33
dysarthria
Imperfect speech, use of incorrect words
34
behavioral problems
increased emotional response May underestimate own abilities Slow reaction time Hesitant and cautious Apathetic, confused, disoriented
35
What are other consequences that can occur from a stroke?
memory problems and depression