Buffers Flashcards

(29 cards)

1
Q

buffer

A

Chemicals in body that combine with acid or base to change the pH

Excepts or releases H+

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2
Q

bicarbonate

A

Main extracellular buffer

CO2 byproduct of all cellular metabolism

Combines with water to form carbonic acid

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3
Q

what chemical breaks carbonic acid down

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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4
Q

phosphate buffer

A

Intracellular buffer

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5
Q

Protein buffers

A

carboxyl group
Amino group
Hemoglobin group

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6
Q

Carboxyl group

A

includes amino acid and acetic acid

Weak acid that gives up H+

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7
Q

Amino group

A

amino acid, ammonia

Accepts H+

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8
Q

Hemoglobin group

A

Picks up CO2 at cellular level

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9
Q

Effects of increased hydrogen ion concentration

A

decrease pH – more acidic
H + moves into cell
More positive charged ions in cell
K+ moves out of cell
Electrical neutrality

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10
Q

T/F if kidneys are working they will excrete access K+

A

True

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11
Q

respiratory mechanisms

A

Exhalation excretes carbonic acid

PH can be adjusted by changing the rate and depth of breathing

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12
Q

do respiratory mechanisms affect lactic acid?

A

No, it doesn’t affect non-volatile acids

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13
Q

kidney excretion

A

Can eliminate large amounts of acid, except for carbonic acid

Can excrete base

Can conserve and produce bicarbonate ions

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14
Q

what is the most effective regulator of pH?

A

Kidney excretion

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15
Q

if kidneys fail, does the pH balance fail?

A

Yes

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16
Q

buffer rate of correction

A

Instantaneous

17
Q

respiratory mechanism rate of correction

A

Minutes to hours

Quickest

18
Q

Renal mechanism rate of correction

A

hours to days

Longer lasting

19
Q

acidosis pH

20
Q

alkalosis pH

21
Q

what occurs if the underlying problem is metabolic?

A

Respiratory compensation

Hypoventilation
Hyperventilation

22
Q

what occurs if the problem is respiratory?

A

Metabolic compensation

23
Q

what triggers the lungs to increase, or decrease rate, and depth of breathing to adjust the pH?

24
Q

relationship for hyperventilation

A

CO2 blown off
Increased pH

25
relationship for hypoventilation
CO2 retained Decreased pH
26
what occurs with renal control of pH?
Amount of bicarb is adjusted by being re-absorbed into the bloodstream or excreted in urine
27
if the blood is too acidic –
Kidneys reabsorb bicarbonate
28
if blood is too alkalotic –
Kidneys excrete bicarbonate
29
normals of ABG
PH 7.35-7.45 CO2 35-45 pO2 80-100 HCO3 22-26 O2 sat 95-100