CV Summary Q's

Question 1

side effects of different diuretics

Answer 1

Loop - Frusemide - Gout? hypotension, hypoNAT + hypoKAL, dehydration

Thiazide - Bendrofluzemide? - gout, hyperGLYC
K sparing - Spironolactone - hyperKal, hypo Nat,

Question 2

side effects of other CV drugs

Answer 2

ACE = first dose hypotension, no give with RAS, cough, rash
ARB = Hyper KAL, rash, musc cramps
CCB - periph vasodil = fluid retention/ HR down
B Blocker = bradycard, hallucination, lethargy
Statin = interact with clari
Aspirin = bleeding, ulcers
GTN = hypotension

Question 3

causes of long QT syndrome\

Answer 3

cardiomyopathy, interaction statin and clari, venlafaxine

Question 4

indications for ICD insertion

Answer 4

pref VF, long QT synd, sustained VT

Question 5

defintions of Pre, After Load, and Starlings curve.

Answer 5

Pre - the maximum stretch of the ventricular muscle fibres following diasystole
After - resistance against which LV ejects blood during systole

Starlings - the strength of heart contraction is directly proportional to the diatolic expansion, meaning, normally ALL blood will be ejected from the heart

Question 6

hypertension grading

Answer 6

1
2
3

Question 7

what is ‘a DC shockable heart rhythm’

Answer 7

unstable/pulseless VT or VF

Question 8

management of asystole / PEA

Answer 8

adreniline 10mcg/kg then 4 mins CPR checking monitor ever 2 mins

Question 9

when to use a synch shock

Answer 9

basically anything atrial (AF, a.flutter, SVT)

Question 10

managmenet of SVT on the ward

Answer 10

valsalva and adenosine

Question 11

should a patient be anti-coagulated, how to decide?

Answer 11

CHA2DS2VASc

Question 12

clinical signs of RHF

Answer 12

everything clogged up: JVP up, hepatosplenomegaly, peripheral oedema

Question 13

causes of hyperdynamic circulation

Answer 13

anaemia, preg, hyperthyroid

Question 14

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - inheritance, main complication

Answer 14

AD

long-QT

Question 15

how to assess severity of BP?

Answer 15

check for end stage disease - kidneys, eyes and ??

Question 16

causes of secondary hyper-chol

Answer 16

cushings
nephrotic syn
hypothyroid

Question 17

indications for pacemaker insertion

Answer 17

HF, av block

Question 18

Digoxin - moa + indication and SE’s

Answer 18

blocks Na/K pump
HF (on top of ACE and B Blocker) and AF,

another arrhytmia, hyper Kal?? N+V

Question 19

compensatroy mechanims in HF

Answer 19

Symp Nerv Syst : hypovol detected bu baroreceptors –> catecholamines releases –> HR + BP up

RAS : Bp down/hypovol –> decreased renal pefusion –> renin release –> ace from lungs causes aldosterone –> Na retention –> fluid retention

ADH : low Bp triggers release so vol increases

Question 20

short PR interval, slurred upstroke = ? and what is T

Answer 20

wolf parkinson white / ablation of accesory pathway

Question 21

what drug is contra-indicated in chronic heart failure patients?

Answer 21

verapimil