CV & P older adult

Question 1

As we age what happens to FEV1% and elastic recoil

Answer 1

decreases

Question 2

what two things in relation to pulmonary system increase with age

Answer 2

residual volume and functional residual capacity

Question 3

does altitude cause a change in pulse ox readings compared to sea level

Answer 3

yes high altitudes people can have lower oxygen saturation levels

Question 4

As we age does the Alveolar-arterial gradient change?

Answer 4

yes increase in the gradient, less oxygen on arterial blood

Question 5

What pulmonary things decrease with age

Answer 5

FEV1
FVC
Vital capacity
gas exchange

Question 6

as we age inspiratory muscle strength/expiratory strength increase or decrease

Answer 6

decrease

Question 7

as we age what happens to maximal voluntary ventilation/ respiratory muscle endurance?

Answer 7

decreases

Question 8

explain what happens to the following as people age
diaphragm strength/force generation
Maximal inspiratory pressures
Maximal Expiratory pressures
maximal voluntary ventilation

Answer 8

diaphragm strength decreases
maximal inspiratory pressure decreases
maximal expiratory pressure decreases
maximal voluntary ventilation decreases

Question 9

what happens to chest wall compliance and contribution of intercostal muscles as people age

Answer 9

chest wall compliance decreases
-creates thoracic rigidity

intercostal muscles contribution increases for effective ventilation

Question 10

what are the main functional consequences of aging and pulmonary changes

Answer 10

increased use of accessory muscles
increased energy expenditure for breathing (Increased WOB)
decreased gas exchange efficiency
increased risk of hypoxemia (desaturation)

Question 11

compared to younger people at the same work load older adults have _____ ventilation

Answer 11

increased

Question 12

what can a diminished cough reflex lead to

Answer 12

decreased pulmonary defense
increased susceptibility to respiratory infections

Question 13

what happens to carotid artery compliance in older adults compared to younger people?
what happens with 12 weeks of exercise?

Answer 13

decreased carotid artery compliance (increased stiffness)

after 12 weeks of exercise carotid artery compliance is increased by ~30%

Question 14

what can happen if there is an increase in left ventricle afterload?

Answer 14

leads to LV hypertrophy and possible heart failure

Question 15

what happens to the following as we age
LV wall thickness
myocyte #
lipid deposition
fibrosis and collagen
heart compliance

Answer 15

LV wall thickness- increased
myocyte # decreases
lipid deposition increases
fibrosis and collagen increase
heart compliance decreases

Question 16

what happens to the conduction system of the heart as we age?
# of SA nodes
atrophy and fibrosis of conduction pathways
risk of dysrhytmias

Answer 16

of SA nodes- decrease
increased atrophy and fibrosis of conduction pathways
increased risk of dysrhytmias

Question 17

how do the following change with age
HR rest:
HRMax:
CO rest
CO max

Answer 17

HR rest: no change
HRmax: declines

COrest: no change
COmax: declines

Question 18

How do the following change with age
Sympathetic nervous system activity
parasympathetic nervous system activity

B- adrenergic responsiveness

Baroreceptor sensitivity

Answer 18

sympathetic nervous system- increases
parasympathetic nervous system- decreases

B-adrenergic decreases

baroreceptor sensitivity decreases
increased orthostatic intolerance increased risk of postural hypotension

Question 19

Can the following change with exercise training?
CO
HRmax
SVmax
VO2max
vascular compliance
TPR
A-V o2 difference

Answer 19

CO- yes can increase
HRmax- yes can increase
SVmax- yes can increase
VO2max- yes can increase
vascular compliance- increase
TPR- decrease
A-V o2 difference can increased increased oxygen extraction by working muscles

Question 20

what needs to change for exercise prescription in older adults

Answer 20

increased warm up and cool down