CV & P older adult Flashcards
As we age what happens to FEV1% and elastic recoil
decreases
what two things in relation to pulmonary system increase with age
residual volume and functional residual capacity
does altitude cause a change in pulse ox readings compared to sea level
yes high altitudes people can have lower oxygen saturation levels
As we age does the Alveolar-arterial gradient change?
yes increase in the gradient, less oxygen on arterial blood
What pulmonary things decrease with age
FEV1
FVC
Vital capacity
gas exchange
as we age inspiratory muscle strength/expiratory strength increase or decrease
decrease
as we age what happens to maximal voluntary ventilation/ respiratory muscle endurance?
decreases
explain what happens to the following as people age
diaphragm strength/force generation
Maximal inspiratory pressures
Maximal Expiratory pressures
maximal voluntary ventilation
diaphragm strength decreases
maximal inspiratory pressure decreases
maximal expiratory pressure decreases
maximal voluntary ventilation decreases
what happens to chest wall compliance and contribution of intercostal muscles as people age
chest wall compliance decreases
-creates thoracic rigidity
intercostal muscles contribution increases for effective ventilation
what are the main functional consequences of aging and pulmonary changes
increased use of accessory muscles
increased energy expenditure for breathing (Increased WOB)
decreased gas exchange efficiency
increased risk of hypoxemia (desaturation)
compared to younger people at the same work load older adults have _____ ventilation
increased
what can a diminished cough reflex lead to
decreased pulmonary defense
increased susceptibility to respiratory infections
what happens to carotid artery compliance in older adults compared to younger people?
what happens with 12 weeks of exercise?
decreased carotid artery compliance (increased stiffness)
after 12 weeks of exercise carotid artery compliance is increased by ~30%
what can happen if there is an increase in left ventricle afterload?
leads to LV hypertrophy and possible heart failure
what happens to the following as we age
LV wall thickness
myocyte #
lipid deposition
fibrosis and collagen
heart compliance
LV wall thickness- increased
myocyte # decreases
lipid deposition increases
fibrosis and collagen increase
heart compliance decreases
what happens to the conduction system of the heart as we age?
# of SA nodes
atrophy and fibrosis of conduction pathways
risk of dysrhytmias
of SA nodes- decrease
increased atrophy and fibrosis of conduction pathways
increased risk of dysrhytmias
how do the following change with age
HR rest:
HRMax:
CO rest
CO max
HR rest: no change
HRmax: declines
COrest: no change
COmax: declines
How do the following change with age
Sympathetic nervous system activity
parasympathetic nervous system activity
B- adrenergic responsiveness
Baroreceptor sensitivity
sympathetic nervous system- increases
parasympathetic nervous system- decreases
B-adrenergic decreases
baroreceptor sensitivity decreases
increased orthostatic intolerance increased risk of postural hypotension
Can the following change with exercise training?
CO
HRmax
SVmax
VO2max
vascular compliance
TPR
A-V o2 difference
CO- yes can increase
HRmax- yes can increase
SVmax- yes can increase
VO2max- yes can increase
vascular compliance- increase
TPR- decrease
A-V o2 difference can increased increased oxygen extraction by working muscles
what needs to change for exercise prescription in older adults
increased warm up and cool down
