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Pharmacology > CV drugs > Flashcards

CV drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Monitoring + issues with amiodarone

A

TFT, LFT
Causes hypo + hyperthyroidism
Liver cirrhosis + pulmonary fibrosis

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2
Q

Brodie Trendelenburg test

A

Test to determine competency of valves in pts with varicose veins

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3
Q

What is Conn’s syndrome?

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Can cause HTN

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4
Q

Action of nitrates

A

Converted in NO which activates guanylyl cyclase, causing increase in cGMP

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5
Q

Action of cardiac glycosides

A

Inhibits Na+/K+ pump, increasing intracellular Ca2+

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6
Q

Class I antiarrhythmics

A

Sodium channel blockers

Flecainide

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7
Q

Class II antiarrhythmics

A

Beta blockers

Atenolol, metoprolol

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8
Q

Class III antiarrhythmics

A

Potassium channel blockers

Amiodarone

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9
Q

Class IV antiarrhythmics

A

Calcium channel blockers

Diltiazem

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10
Q

Class V antiarrhythmics

A

Digoxin

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11
Q

Action, CI, interactions + SE of ACE inhibitors

A

Ramipril
action: blocks conversion of Angiotensin 1 to 2. Reduces aldosterone secretion
CI: renal artery stenosis (Africans), AKI + pregnancy
interactions: NSAID (renal failure), metformin (hypoglycaemia), potassium sparing diuretics (hyperkalaemia)
SE: hypotension, dry cough, hyperkalaemia, angioedema

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12
Q

Name, action + CI of ARBs

A

Losartan
Blocks action of angiotensin II on AT1 receptor
Reduces vascular resistance
CI: renal artery stenosis, AKI, pregnancy

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13
Q

SE, interactions + key info of ARBs

A

SE: hypotension, hyperkalaemia, renal failure
NSAIDs + ARBs = risk of renal failure
Key info: better for Africans than ACEi. Take before bed

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14
Q

Indications, action + CI for amiodarone

A

Indications: VF, AF, atrial flutter, during cardiac arrest
CI: severe hypotension, AV block, heart block
Action: prolongs action potential, increases refractory period + reduces ventricular rate

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15
Q

SE, interactions + key info for amiodarone

A

SE: hypotension, bradycardia, AV block, photosensitivity, grey skin, pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid toxicity, myopathy + liver toxicity
Toxicity is increased with digoxin, diltiazem/ verapamil

it is metabolised by P450 + is a P450 inhibitor

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16
Q

Action + interactions of clopidogrel

A

Decreases platelet aggregation by binding to ADP receptors

P450 activates clopidogrel so efficacy is reduced by P450 inhibitors (omeprazole, ciprofloxacin, SSRIs, erythromycin)

17
Q

Action, CI + interactions of beta blockers

A

Blocks beta receptors in heart, prolongs refractory period at AV node, reduces cardiac output

CI: asthma, COPD, heart block, peripheral artery disease

Causes HF + bradycardia with verapamil
Masks hypoglycaemia so caution in DM

18
Q

SE of BB

A 
Fatigue
Cold extremities 
Headache 
Impotence 
Bradycardia
19
Q

Action + CI of CCB

A

Reduce entry of Ca+ into cells = relaxing + vasodilating smooth muscle
CI: unstable angina, HF, aortic stenosis

20
Q

SE + interactions of CCB

A 
Amlodipine = flushing, headaches, palpitations, ankle swelling 
Verapamil = constipation, heart block, HF, bradycardia 
Diltiazem = both

With BB = HF
Metabolised by P450

21
Q

Action + CI of digoxin

A 
Inhibits Na+/K+ pump 
Cardiac glycoside 
Negatively chronotropic (reduces HR), positively inotropic (increases force of contraction)
Reduces conductivity at AV node 
CI: heart block, VF
22
Q

SE + interactions + key info for digoxin

A

SE: dizziness, xanthropia (yellow vision), rash, bradycardia
Toxicity can cause arrhythmias
Loop + thiazide diuretics increase risk of toxicity
Amiodarone, CCB, spironolactone + quinine increase risk of toxicity
Measure levels 6 hours post dose

23
Q

SE + CI of nitrates

A

SE: flushing, headache, postural hypotension
CI: hypotension, hypovolaemia, aortic stenosis, raised ICP

24
Q

Warfarin + abx interaction

A

Abx kill gut flora that synthesis Vit K so increase risk of bleeding

25
Q

SE of nicorandil

A

Headache, flushing + anal ulceration

26
Q

What is the action of nicorandil?

A

Potassium channel activator

Vasodilator - used in angina

27
Q

Action + SE of statins

A

Inhibits HMG CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol synthesis in liver
SE:
headache, myalgia, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis

28
Q

Key info about statins

A

Check LFTs - causes rise in ALT
Give at night
Metabolised by P450

29
Q

How do thrombolytics work?

A

Activates plasminogen to form plasmin

Degrades fibrin

Pharmacology (13 decks)

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