Antibiotics

Question 1

Which inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 1

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Question 2

Which disrupt protein synthesis?

Answer 2

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides

Question 3

Which inhibit DNA synthesis?

Answer 3

Quinolones
Trimethoprim
Metronidazole

Question 4

Penicillin G

Answer 4

Benpen

Question 5

Penicillin V

Answer 5

Phenoxymethypenicillin

Question 6

Treatment for exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

Answer 6

Amoxicillin/ tetracycline/ clarithromycin

Question 7

Prostatitis

Answer 7

Quinolone or trimethoprim

Question 8

Erysipelas

Answer 8

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

Question 9

Action of tetracycline

Answer 9

Bind to 30S ribosome preventing attachment of aminoacyl tRNA

Question 10

Action of macrolides

Answer 10

Have large macrocylic lactone ring to which sugars may be attached

Question 11

Action + name of aminoglycosides

Answer 11

Bind to ribosomes inhibiting protein synthesis

Gentamicin

Question 12

Action of quinolones

Answer 12

Inhibit DNA gyrase

Question 13

CI + SE of aminoglycosides

Answer 13

Myasthenia gravis

SE: oto + nephrotoxicity

Question 14

Interactions of aminoglycosides

Answer 14

Ototoxicity with loop diuretics + vancomycin

Nephrotoxicity with cephalosporins, vancomycin

Question 15

What organisms are resistant to gentamicin?

Answer 15

Strep + anaerobes

Question 16

SE, interactions + key info for amoxicillin

Answer 16

SE: cholestasis, jaundice, GI upset
CNS toxicity in renal impairment
Increased risk of toxicity with methotrexate + warfarin
Don’t give in ?EBV

Question 17

Action + SE + interactions of benzylpenicillin

Answer 17

Inhibits cell wall synthesis (contains B lactam ring)
SE: colitis, allergy, encephalopathy
Increased risk of methotrexate toxicity

Question 18

Action + cautions with cephalosporins

Answer 18

Inhibits cell wall synthesis (B lactam ring)

Risk of C diff = caution in elderly

Question 19

SE + interactions of cephalosporins

Answer 19

SE: abx associated colitis, GI upset
Enhances effect of warfarin
Reduces efficacy of valproate
Lowers seizure threshold = avoid in epileptics

Question 20

SE of flucloxacillin

Answer 20

Liver toxicity (cholestasis + hepatitis)

Question 21

Action + cautions for glycopeptides (+ name)

Answer 21

Vancomycin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Caution in rapid infusions in the elderly + renal impairment

Question 22

SE + interactions of glycopeptides

Answer 22

SE: thrombophlebitis, red man syndrome (erythema, hypotension, bronchospasm)
Nephrotoxicity + ototoxicity = increased risk with aminoglycosides + loop diuretics

Question 23

Action, names + caution of macrolides

Answer 23

Inhibits protein synthesis
Caution in prolonged QT interval + hepatic/ renal impairment
Erythromycin

Question 24

SE + interactions of macrolides

Answer 24

SE: GI upset, colitis, cholestatic jaundice, QT prolongation, ototoxicity
Inhibits P450
Increased risk of bleeding with warfarin
Increased risk of myopathy with statins
Caution with other drugs that prolong QT interval:
Amiodarone
APs
Quinolones
SSRIs

Question 25

Action + CI of metronidazole

Answer 25

Causes DNA degradation + death
Works with anaerobes only
CI: alcohol - causes flushing, N+V + headache

Question 26

SE + interactions of metronidazole

Answer 26

Inhibits P450
Increases warfarin + phenytoin toxicity
SE: GI upset, optic neuropathy, seizures, encephalopathy

Question 27

Action + SE of nitrofurantoin + use in pregnancy

Answer 27

Produces metabolite which damages bacterial DNA
Fibrosis of lungs
Peripheral neuropathy
Hepatitis

CI in 3rd trimester