Cumulative Final Review

Question 1

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Answer 1

water pushed from capillaries into interstitial space
Ex) high BP

Question 2

What affects GFR in kidneys

Answer 2

decrease in MAP
increased vascular resistance
decreased renal blood flow

Question 3

Term for increased cell size

Answer 3

hypertrophy

Question 4

What is the most common cause of cellular injury

Answer 4

hypoxia

Question 5

Hydrogen is a/an ___________

Answer 5

acid

Question 6

Function of ADH

Answer 6

increased BP by increasing water absorption

Question 7

Sequence of hemostasis

Answer 7

vasoconstriction
plug formation
coagulation
platelets & clotting factor form fibrin clot
clot retraction/reduction (fibrinolysis)

Question 8

Interstitial oncotic pressure

Answer 8

Water pulls from capillaries to interstitial space
Ex) inflammation

Question 9

Natriuretic Peptide

Answer 9

relieves heart pressure
increases urination (to excrete Na and H20)

Question 10

GFR is directly related to ___________________

Answer 10

perfusion pressure

Question 11

Skeletal bones have a huge reserve of acid or base?

Answer 11

Base
alkaline minerals

Question 12

Capillary Oncotic pressure

Answer 12

water pulled from interstitial space to capillaries

Question 13

What kidney function test is the gold standard

Answer 13

creatinine clearance

Question 14

Gram negative characteristics

Answer 14

no dye shown
thin wall
lipopolysaccharide endotoxin coat
difficult to treat

Question 15

Cancer stage where it is in situ

Answer 15

Stage 0

Question 16

Bicarbonate is a/an ___________

Answer 16

base

Question 17

Cancer stage where it spread to regional structures

Answer 17

Stage 3

Question 18

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

Answer 18

water pushes from interstitial space to capillaries
Ex) compartment syndrome

Question 19

What is the most common cause of UTIs

Answer 19

E.Coli

Question 20

Term for abnormal change of cell size, shape, organization

Answer 20

dysplasia

Question 21

What organs regulate acid-base balance

Answer 21

lung
kidneys

Question 22

Term for decreased cell size

Answer 22

atrophy

Question 23

Cancer stage where it spread to distant sites

Answer 23

Stage 4

Question 24

Aldosterone function

Answer 24

increased BP by reabsorbing more water

Question 25

What hormones are synthesized by the kidneys

Answer 25

Vitamin D Erythropoietin

Question 26

Gram positive characteristics

Answer 26

shows the dye thick wall (weak)

Question 27

Term for reduced blood supply

Answer 27

ischemia

Question 28

Cancer stage where it is confined to originating organ

Answer 28

Stage 1

Question 29

MRSA and C.Diff are gram _________________ organisms

Answer 29

positive

Question 30

What is the importance of von Willebrand factor

Answer 30

needed for platelet adhesion

Question 31

What components are needed for hemostasis

Answer 31

platelets vasculature blood proteins (clotting factors)

Question 32

What hormones act on the kidneys

Answer 32

ADH Aldosterone Natriuretic Peptide

Question 33

Term for increased number of cells

Answer 33

hyperplasia

Question 34

Cancer stage where it is locally invasive (deeper layer of the organ)

Answer 34

Stage 2

Question 35

Term for cells replaced by less specialized cells

Answer 35

metaplasia

Question 36

What is the purpose of plasmin for hemostasis

Answer 36

degrades the clot