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AP World History (Old) > Culture and Religion in Eurasia/North Africa (500 B.C.E. -> 500 C.E.) > Flashcards

Culture and Religion in Eurasia/North Africa (500 B.C.E. -> 500 C.E.) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Legalism?

A

The fixing of political disorder with harsh laws and force.

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2
Q

What is Overreach?

A

When an empire gets to big, and this leads to collapse and downfall.

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3
Q

Why was the Great Wall of China built?

A

To keep out Mongolian invaders.

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4
Q

What is a Tributary System?

A

A system where neighboring states must pay local rulers.

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5
Q

What is the Examination System (China)?

A

A system where men needed to take exams to become political officials.

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6
Q

What is the Silk Road?

A

A famous long trade route that runs from China.

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7
Q

What is Ren (Confucianism)?

A

Human goodness and nobility of heart.

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8
Q

What idea does Confucianism revolve around?

A

The idea that everyone is born “defected” but they can fix themselves morally throughout their life.

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9
Q

What are Wen and Wu?

A

Wen is the concept of education and rationality while Wu is the idea of physical education and fitness.

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10
Q

How popular did Confucianism become and why?

A

It became very popular because the morale was good and it revolved around already popular Chinese tradition such as family.

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11
Q

What is interesting about Confucianism compared to other belief systems?

A

It didn’t have a God, it was all morale based.

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12
Q

What is interesting about the rise of Daoism after Confucianism in China?

A

Daoism is practically opposite in its morales compared to Confucianism.

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13
Q

What are the main ideas of Daoism?

A

It tells people to withdraw from the world and to align themselves with nature.

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14
Q

What did many think about Daoism and Confucianism?

A

Many think that Daoism complements Confucian ideals.

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15
Q

What is the Yin Yang and what does it represent?

A

It is a circular Daoist symbol and it represents balance.

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16
Q

What peoples invented the alphabet?

A

The Phoenicians.

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17
Q

What mathematical advancements did the Indians make?

A

The made the concepts of zero and “pi,” they also invented the decimal system and the wrongly-named Arabic numerals.

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18
Q

What are the Vedas (Hindu)?

A

Collections of South Asian religious documents.

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19
Q

What are the Upanishads (Hindu)?

A

New collections of South Asian religious documents that came after the Vedas and had different viewpoints.

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20
Q

What is the main idea of Hinduism?

A

To perfect the human soul and to be with Brahman (some sort of divine natural power).

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21
Q

What is Moshka?

A

Hindu spiritual liberation.

22
Q

What is Samsara?

A

Rebirth/reincarnation.

23
Q

What huge inequality was there in Hinduism?

A

Women were seen as “unclean,” so they were forbidden from practicing the religion.

24
Q

What is Nirvana?

A

The Buddhist word for enlightenment. It signifies perfection and being free from suffering.

25
Q

What was different in equality between Hinduism and Buddhism?

A

Anyone could achieve enlightenment in Buddhism.

26
Q

Who largely helped in getting Buddhism popular (India)?

A

Ashoka.

27
Q

What is Mahayana Buddhism?

A

A type of Buddhism where you can be helped in achieving enlightenment.

28
Q

What is Theravada Buddhism?

A

A type of Buddhism where you can’t be helped in achieving enlightenment. Theravada followers also see Buddha as a teacher and not divine.

29
Q

What are Bodhisattvas?

A

Spiritually developed people who postpone their full enlightenment to assist others.

30
Q

What changed in Buddhism later on?

A

Buddhism merged with Hinduism and became less popular in India, but it spread and popularized in many other countries.

31
Q

What is Zoroastrianism?

A

A religion that arose in the old Persian Empire, it was one of the first monotheistic religions of all time. It also made the concepts of Heaven and Hell.

32
Q

What is Judaism?

A

A monotheistic religion created in the Middle East similar to Zoroastrianism, except that it wasn’t popular and was very small scale.

33
Q

What was very different about Greek religion compared to that of other areas?

A

The Greeks used a lot of rational thinking and they had TONS of Gods that each had different powers and abilities and they governed different things.

34
Q

What Scientific and Mathematical and Political advancements did the Greeks of this time make?

A

They invented the idea of the solid, liquid, and gas; they made the idea of atoms, the idea of bacteria and illness, they invented the Democratic and Republic systems, and much more.

35
Q

In what subjects did Greece leave a strong legacy?

A

They left a legacy in many fields; some being philosophy, science, medicine, geography, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, and more!

36
Q

How are Guatama and Jesus similar?

A

They were both “wisdom teachers.”

37
Q

How are Guatama and Jesus different?

A

Guatama was born to royalty but Jesus was poor. They both died very differently.

38
Q

How did Guatama die?

A

He died a natural death at 80 years old, his beliefs weren’t a threat to the political systems.

39
Q

How did Jesus die?

A

He was killed on the cross by Romans.

40
Q

What happened with Guatama’s and Jesus’s beliefs that they didn’t plan?

A

They became very popular religions.

41
Q

Who helped make Christianity popular?

A

Saint John.

42
Q

What did the Roman Empire do with Christianity later on?

A

They tried to use it as a glue to keep the falling empire together.

43
Q

What arguments that still go onto today sprang up in Christianity and Buddhism?

A

They debate which specific features are true and should be followed and they question whether Buddha and Jesus were divine or not.

44
Q

What was a result of the huge spread of Christianity?

A

There was huge disagreement about certain aspects of the religion in different parts of the world.

45
Q

What is a huge religious argument, arguably the most important, that still lasts today?

A

Which religion, if any, is correct.

46
Q

What are Aqueducts?

A

Water carrying systems developed by the Romans.

47
Q

What are Patricians and Plebeians?

A

Patrician means high-class and Plebeian means low-class.

48
Q

When did Rome legalize Christianity?

A

At about 300 C.E.

49
Q

What are Paterfamilias?

A

Families where the man has absolute power.

50
Q

What are Chinampas (Farming)?

A

Floating islands used in Mexico for farming.

51
Q

What are Allyu (Mexico)?

A

Clans.

52
Q

What is the Mit’a System (Mexico)?

A

A system that combined work and serfdom.

AP World History (Old) (13 decks)

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