Cultural Psychology Flashcards
what is ontological invariance?
when psychological traits are real and cannot change across time
what is ontological invariance drawn from?
natural sciences, arguing it is possible to find universal truths of mind and behaviour irrespective of culture
evidence of the internal-external loop
human beings are shaped by their culture and help to shape their culture
what does the internal-external loop present?
a philosophical challenge to finding invariant ontological laws
what is culture?
something that encompasses the social behaviour and norms of human societies
culture is an enduring _______ of and _______ of humans
product
influence
what is it important for research to avoid developing?
theories that are culture-bound or culture-blind
emic perspective
within a culture and their similarities
etic perspective
outside a culture and their differences
cross-cultural psychology argues…
humans have psychological capabilities because of biology and inheritance
culture fits into the variation between societies
cultural psychology argues…
psychological capabilities are shaped by culture and society, but constrained by biology
how can culture be conceptualised?
individualistic or collectivistic
individualistic cultures
emphasise the needs of the individual over the needs of the group
collectivistic
emphasise the needs of the group over the needs of the individual
what is it important for cultural research to consider?
the unique intracultural (within culture) and transcultural (between culture) heterogeneity to avoid stereotyping cultures as either notion
explanatory coexistence
considers human beings in diverse cultures can integrate multiple explanations, either natural or supernatural
why was psychological research in the 1800s uninterested in culture?
due to their experimental interest in the mind, which was influenced by natural sciences and neurology
what did wundt see culture as?
important but not scientifically measurable
what did behaviourism see culture as?
just a set of learned behaviours
what is anthropology concerned with?
the scientific study of humanity and societies
social anthropology
studies patterns of behaviour
cultural anthropology
studies cultural norms and values
what research was conduced in anthropology?
non-western ethnographic studies
during the height of colonialism, so may be informed by erroneous racial ideas
bartlett (1932) war of the ghosts
found evidence of the constructive nature of memory being influenced by cultural schemas
what has the assumption of western psychology as ontological invariance contributed to?
oppression and poorer research quality
why is awareness of culture important?
to consider the validity and universality of psychological concepts
what did dudgeon et al. (2014) find?
western intelligence tests were biased towards their own cultural context to justify prejudice
culture should also be considered in the roots of _____, and why?
theory
galton’s research into psychometrics and intelligence heritability was informed by eugenics
how can sociocultural factors influence intelligence by social inequality?
- SES mediates the relationship between intelligence and wellbeing
- intelligence tests defined as IQ tests discriminate against lower SES
cultural reasons that medical interventions may fail
assume western medical practices and have a lack of cultural understanding
evidence to suggest culture is involved in perception, explanation, and treatment
certain psychiatric syndromes are confined to particular cultures, seen in DSMV AND ICD10
WEIRD people
western, educated, industrialised, rich, democratic
what are WEIRD people outliers in?
tasks requiring:
- visual perception
- fairness
- cooperation
- spatial reasoning
- categorisation
- inferential induction
what do WEIRD people consist of?
80% of research subjects and 12% world population
67% of studies are conducted on…
university students aged 18-21
which additional factor was suggested for the big five test following cross-cultural research?
honesty-humility
what is cross-cultural research limited to?
urban literate populations
what personality factors were found after consideration of other types of culture?
pro-sociality and industriousness
unique personality trats from underrepresented populations suggest…
behaviour is explained by deeply embedded cultural practices
