CTEL 1 - Chapter 4: Lessons 1 and 2

Question 1

the study of speech sounds and how they CHANGE depending on certain situations or placements in syllables, words, and sentences.

Answer 1

phonology

Question 2

the study of speech sounds as they stand in isolation

Answer 2

phonetics

Question 3

_______ are the way phonologists predict how a speech sound will change depending on its position in various speech environments.

ex: All of the final sounds in those words should be the ‘g’ sound. However, when spoken quickly or in conversation, the final ‘g’ sound gets deleted. Those words would then be pronounced as:

P R

Answer 3

phonological rules.

Question 4

the ABILITY to distinguish and manipulate sounds.

Answer 4

phonemic awareness

Question 5

the smallest unit of SOUND that carries meaning.

Answer 5

phoneme

Question 6

For example, the word ‘‘is’’ contains two distinct sounds, or

Answer 6

phonemes

Question 7

Phoneme S______ helps with spelling, while phoneme B______ helps with decoding.

Answer 7

segmentation

blending

Question 8

______ is a system of symbols designed to represent every possible spoken sound, or phoneme.

Answer 8

International Phonetic Alphabet, (IPA)

Question 9

the smallest WRITTEN segment of a language; most often used to refer to the written representation of a single sound or phoneme.

Answer 9

grapheme

Question 10

the smallest unit of MEANING in a language; may be root words. They can also be suffixes, such as /-ed/ or /-ing/ or prefixes, such as /un-/ or /re-/.

Answer 10

morpheme

Question 11

The process of separating a word into its individual SOUNDS; helps beginning readers to understand the relationship between whole words and the separate characters that are combined to write words.

For example:
The word ‘‘in’’ has two phonemes: i-n.

Answer 11

phoneme segmentation

Question 12

How to Count Phonemes in a Word

Answer 12

Speak the word aloud slowly.

Raise a finger for each sound then count the raised fingers.

Question 13

Bend has how many phonemes

Answer 13

4

Question 14

Other ways to count phonemes include clapping or tapping for each phoneme or using manipulatives such as small blocks to represent each individual sound.

Answer 14

Other ways to count phonemes include clapping or tapping for each phoneme or using manipulatives such as small blocks to represent each individual sound.