CTEL 1 - Chapter 1: lessons 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Question 1

Is children’s acquisition of their native language; subconscious instinctive process

Answer 1

First language acquisition

Question 2

Learning a language after acquiring the first language. active and conscious process.

Answer 2

Second language acquisition

Question 3

(Study.com) Go to CTEL 1, Chapter 1, Lesson 3 to study the chart.

Answer 3

(Study.com) Go to CTEL 1, Chapter 1, Lesson 3 to study the chart.

Question 4

_______ means the ability to use two languages fluently, while _________ means using or having the ability to use several languages with the same amount of fluency.

Answer 4

bilingual

multilingual

Question 5

When does multilingualism occur? ____

Answer 5

when people MIGRATE from one place to another, they take their languages with them

Question 6

Teachers might also set up the classroom in a multilingual friendly way. This requires 4 things.

What can I do to the surface?
What books should I select?
How can I make items more identifiable?
What activities should I have?

Answer 6

multilingual word wall
library that contains multilingual books
label items in the classroom
translanguaging activities

Question 7

means encouraging bilingual students to combine multiple languages in a single written piece in order maximize communication.

T_______g

Answer 7

translanguaging

Question 8

The replication of rules from our first language (L1) to the second language (L2) is called ______

Answer 8

language transfer or linguistic interference

Question 9

_______ transfer facilitates learning, while _______ transfer impedes learning.

Answer 9

positive, negative

Question 10

______ occurs when L1 knowledge influences L2 understanding and results in errors.

Answer 10

negative transfer

Question 11

4 negative transfer types

S______n
S______n
U______n
C______s

Answer 11

substitution
Underdifferentiation
Simplification
Calques

Question 12

When language transfer results in correct L2 production, it’s called _______. It happens when there are similarities between two languages.

Answer 12

positive transfer

Question 13

negative transfer types

Absence of some sounds in L1 often forces learners to opt for a similar sound because they struggle with replicating the original sound. Many Slavic languages don’t differentiate between ‘g’ and ‘k’ or ‘d’ and ‘t’ as the final letter: ‘‘med’’ (honey in Bulgarian) and ‘‘met’’ (copper in Bulgarian) are both pronounced ‘‘met.’’ Therefore, ‘‘skit’’ and ‘‘skid’’ may be hard to articulate for such learners. Spanish and Korean speakers may not pronounce ‘h’ in ‘‘her’’ because this sound in that position is either silent or very soft in their L1. This is called substitution.

substitution
Underdifferentiation
Simplification
Calques

Answer 13

substitution

Question 14

negative transfer types.

Inability to make a distinction made in another language is called ________. Spanish speakers may try to use ‘‘borrow’’ and ‘‘lend’’ as synonyms or equivalent words, because in Spanish there is only one word that means both: ‘‘prestar.’’

substitution
Underdifferentiation
Simplification
Calques

Answer 14

Underdifferentiation

Question 15

negative transfer types.

L2 learners make REDUCTIONS to linguistic structures resulting in grammatically incorrect sentences. The Korean language, for instance, doesn’t use definite articles; as a result, Korean speakers may omit ‘‘a’’ or ‘‘the’’ in sentences, like: ‘‘House is very pretty.’’

substitution
Underdifferentiation
Simplification
Calques

Answer 15

Simplification

Question 16

negative transfer types.

These can involve improper collocations, like, ‘‘do mistakes’’. They can also involve disagreement in subject and verb like ‘‘She like apples.’’. They can also involve disagreement in countable and uncountable nouns, like ‘‘Money are very important.’’. Finally, they can involve the wrong use of parts of speech, like ‘‘Cities are noise and dirty.’’

substitution
Underdifferentiation
Simplification
Calques

Answer 16

calques

Question 17

2 Benefits of knowing language transfers

Answer 17

1. teachers can easily pick appropriate materials, methods, and strategies
2. If learners know their native language’s norms and rules well, it will be easier for them to acquire a second language.

Question 18

instruction with more structured learning time with a tutor or teacher

Answer 18

formal language

Question 19

that is spoken naturally in unstructured learning times, like at recess, hanging out with friends, or even on TV

Answer 19

informal language

Question 20

These schools use a blend of formal and informal language learning with the majority of instruction conducted in an informal way.

Answer 20

Language immersion schools