CSMP: 4.a Birmingham CS Flashcards
1
Q
History of Birmingham
A
- 12th century = market set up from a manor house
- 16th century = small scale industry from the coal seam near by
- provides raw materials for Birmingham metal works
2
Q
Industrial Revolution
A
- 19th century
- canals were built which allowed goods to be shipped
- specialised in gun and jewellery goods / industries
- population was around 500,000 people
- industrial sector grew so needed banks and insurance companies to protect assets
3
Q
Economic ( pre)
A
- development in car manufacturing (mini cooper)
- industries relied on each other and grow off each other
4
Q
Demographic (pre)
A
- mainly white
- migration from the rest of the British Isles
- mainly Ireland
5
Q
Transport (pre)
A
- changes in transport from canals to buses
- more mobile which meant urban area could expand
- industry pollutants ended up in the river/ canals
6
Q
Housing (pre)
A
- densely packed terraced housing
- Aston = slums
7
Q
Post war
A
- population = 1.1 million
- unemployment was below 1% in
- unemployment then rose to 19.4% in 1980s
- metal and vehicle manufacturing fell by 18%
8
Q
Players
A
- OPEC ( oil crisis, increased the price of petrol, impact the transport industry and manufacturing)
- TNCs abroad (increased competition for car manufacturing)
- trade unions went of strike (investment in the area reduced which decreased the decline further)
- council cleared slums ( cleared out small businesses, couldn’t afford the other properties)
9
Q
Housing Change
A
- bombs from the war and removal of the slums damaged housing
- replaced by tower blocks
- better conditions than the slums and provided 81k homes
- did cause the population to redistribute ( to other cities, rural/urban fringe)
10
Q
Demographic Change
A
- increase in economic migrants
- clustered in inner city ( Asian and Black community)
- low skilled jobs were available
- greater youth population than UK average (38% are 24 or under)
11
Q
Built Environment change
A
- changed with the demographic
- building of mosques
- helps build sense of community
- migrants also develop new services such as money transfer centres (remittances)
- alters culture
12
Q
Regeneration
A
- from manufacturing to a city dominated by services
- gains in financial services and tourism
13
Q
Role of Governments (local/ city council)
A
- diversify the economy
- aim to make a centre for trade, business tourism, retail and tourism
14
Q
Role of Government (national)
A
- give funding the local council
- e.g Single Regeneration Budget or City Challenge
- aim to develop industrial areas
15
Q
Flagship Development
A
- NIA ( used in the commonwealth games
- leads to the multiplier effect (impacted restaurants and hotels)
- bull ring was built to improve retail
- brings more international recognition and increases number of people and tourism
