CSD 155 LAB 4: Pulmonary Function Volumes & Capacities Flashcards
lung volumes
discrete values meaning that no one volume includes another
lung capacities
overlap and include two or more volumes
torso
central part of the body, to which the extremities attach
lower cavity of torso
abdomen, houses most internal organs
upper cavity of torso
thorax, encased by the rib cage
diaphragm
separates the upper and lower cavities, major muscle for respiration, umbrella shaped, three openings (aortic, esophageal, foramen vena cava), attaches to the sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12 and the vertebral column
function: contraction pulls the central tendon down increasing the volume of the thorax
trachea
anterior to the esophagus
connects superiorly to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx
divides inferiorly into the two primary bronchi
16-20 horseshoe shaped tracheal rings made of cartilage -> protection mechanism
fibroelastic cartilage between each ring
lined with cilia to keep it clean
bronchi
last tracheal ring divides into the two primary bronchi
the right bronchus leads to the 3 secondary bronchi
the left bronchus leads to the 2-3 secondary bronchi
secondary bronchi lead to the tertiary bronchi
tertiary bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs -> alveoli
alveoli
site of carbon dioxide to oxygen exchange, most peripheral aspects of the bronchi
apex
top of lungs
base
bottom of lungs
mediastinum
central region between the lungs, not a structure - rather a space for the heart
left lung
longer and more narrow
two lobes - divided into superior and inferior lobes by left oblique fissure
cardiac impression: makes room for the heart
right lung
larger & greater in volume
three lobes - divided into superior and medial lobes by the horizontal divided into inferior lobe by right oblique fissure
pleurae
each lung is enclosed by an airtight sack and fluid between the two sacks
