CSD 155 LAB 4: Pulmonary Function Volumes & Capacities

Question 1

lung volumes

Answer 1

discrete values meaning that no one volume includes another

Question 2

lung capacities

Answer 2

overlap and include two or more volumes

Question 3

torso

Answer 3

central part of the body, to which the extremities attach

Question 4

lower cavity of torso

Answer 4

abdomen, houses most internal organs

Question 5

upper cavity of torso

Answer 5

thorax, encased by the rib cage

Question 6

diaphragm

Answer 6

separates the upper and lower cavities, major muscle for respiration, umbrella shaped, three openings (aortic, esophageal, foramen vena cava), attaches to the sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12 and the vertebral column
function: contraction pulls the central tendon down increasing the volume of the thorax

Question 7

trachea

Answer 7

anterior to the esophagus
connects superiorly to the cricoid cartilage of the larynx
divides inferiorly into the two primary bronchi
16-20 horseshoe shaped tracheal rings made of cartilage -> protection mechanism
fibroelastic cartilage between each ring
lined with cilia to keep it clean

Question 8

bronchi

Answer 8

last tracheal ring divides into the two primary bronchi
the right bronchus leads to the 3 secondary bronchi
the left bronchus leads to the 2-3 secondary bronchi
secondary bronchi lead to the tertiary bronchi
tertiary bronchi -> bronchioles -> alveolar ducts -> alveolar sacs -> alveoli

Question 9

alveoli

Answer 9

site of carbon dioxide to oxygen exchange, most peripheral aspects of the bronchi

Question 10

apex

Answer 10

top of lungs

Question 11

base

Answer 11

bottom of lungs

Question 12

mediastinum

Answer 12

central region between the lungs, not a structure - rather a space for the heart

Question 13

left lung

Answer 13

longer and more narrow
two lobes - divided into superior and inferior lobes by left oblique fissure
cardiac impression: makes room for the heart

Question 14

right lung

Answer 14

larger & greater in volume
three lobes - divided into superior and medial lobes by the horizontal divided into inferior lobe by right oblique fissure

Question 15

pleurae

Answer 15

each lung is enclosed by an airtight sack and fluid between the two sacks

Question 16

costal/parietal pleura

Answer 16

outer later/sack, lines the thoracic cavity

Question 17

pulmonary/visceral pluera

Answer 17

inner layer/sack, lines the lungs

Question 18

boyle’s law

Answer 18

pressure and volume are inversely related to one another

Question 19

inspiration

Answer 19

an increase in volume leads to a decrease in pressure within the lungs (alveolar pressure)
air rushes into the lungs to equalize the pressure

Question 20

expiration

Answer 20

a decrease in lung volume leads to an increase in alveolar pressure. air rushes out of the lungs to equalize pressure

Question 21

tidal volume (TV)

Answer 21

variable, volume of air inhaled in exhaled during one normal respiratory cycle

Question 22

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 22

quantity of air inhaled beyond TV

Question 23

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 23

air in lungs after a passive normal exhalation

Question 24

residual volume (RV)

Answer 24

air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation

Question 25

minimal reserve volume

Answer 25

air in lungs after death

Question 26

inspiratory capacity (IC)

Answer 26

TV+IRV, maximum volume of air inhaled from bottom of passive exhalation

Question 27

vital capacity (VC)

Answer 27

TV+IRV+ERV, maximum air exhaled after deepest inhalation

Question 28

functional residual capacity (

Answer 28

ERV+RV, air in lungs from the bottom of passive exhalation

Question 29

total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 29

IRV+ERV+RV+TV, volume of air in the lungs after maximum inhalation