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CSD 155 > Articulation > Flashcards

Articulation Flashcards

1
Q

articulation

A

shaping the sound

the process of joining two elements together

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2
Q

articulatory system

A

the system of mobile and immobile articulators brought into contact for the purpose of shaping the sounds of speech

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3
Q

cavities of the vocal tract

A

buccal
oral
pharyngeal
nasal

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4
Q

buccal cavity

A

from lips and cheeks, gums and teeth, to area behind the third molar

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5
Q

oral cavity

A
  • bounded by teeth (anterior, lateral facets) faucets, palate, and tongue
  • superior part: hard palate
  • back of oral cavity: fauces
    –anterior fauces (anterior faucial pillar)
    posterior fauces (posterior faucial pillar)
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6
Q

fauces

A

junction of oral/nasal and pharyngeal cavities
aka palatine arches
above = soft palate
below = dorsum of tongue

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7
Q

pharyngeal cavity

A 
~12 cm long
three parts:
1. nasopharymx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx
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8
Q

nasopharynx

A

superior: rostrum of sphenoid
posterior: pharyngeal protuberance of occipital lobe
inferior: soft palate
anterior open to nasal choanae
lateral: level of eustachian tube

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9
Q

oropharynx

A

superior boundary: soft palate
inferior boundary: hyoid
anterior boundary: faucial pillars

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10
Q

laryngopharynx

A

superior boundary: level of hyoid
inferior boundary: esophagus
anterior: epiglottis

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11
Q

nasal cavitis

A

two chambers separated by bony/cartilaginous septum
anterior boundary: nostrils (nares)
posterior boundary: choanae
superior: nasal bone
inferior: maxillary palatine process and palatine bones
lateral: maxillae

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12
Q

eustachian tube

A 
courses lateral, back, and up to middle ear
salpingopharyngeal fold = torus tubarius
mucous membrane fold at opening of tube
--middle ear function
--patent: open
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13
Q

the skull

A

22 bones
ossicles (3 pair): middle ear bones
-maleus, incus, stapes

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14
Q

bones of the face

A 
mandible
maxillae
nasal bone
palatine bone and nasal conchae
vomer
zygomatic bone
lacrimal bone: inside skull, forms lateral nasal wall and medial orbit
hyoid bone
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15
Q

mandible (1 bone)

A
  • jaw, bilaterally symmetric bone, only truly-movable bone of skull (not counting ossicles
  • articulates with the temporal bone via the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
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16
Q

posterior mandible landmarks

A
  • mandibular ramus
  • angle of the mandible
  • corpus/body
  • mandibular notch
  • coronoid process
  • condyloid process
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17
Q

coronoid process

A

for attachment of temporalis via the zygomatic arch

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18
Q

condyloid process

A

articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone via the temporomandibular joint

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19
Q

medial mandible

A
  • corpus

- mental foramen

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20
Q

mental foramen

A

-medial outer surface of corpus for lingual branch of mandibular nerve of V trigeminal

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21
Q

inner mandible

A
  • mylohyoid line

- mandibular foramen

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22
Q

mandibular foramen

A

alveolar nerve of mandibular branch of V trigeminal

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23
Q

crown

A

visible, projects above gums, 1/3 of tooth

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24
Q

root

A

embedded in alveolar process, 2/3 of tooth

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25
Q

cementum

A

thin layer of bone holding tooth

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26
Q

neck

A

juncture of root and crown

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27
Q

dentin

A

ivory or tooth, bulk of tooth; contains nerves in pulp

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28
Q

enamel

A
  • hardest substance in body
  • covers crown to root (not on root)
  • resists abrasion
  • thickest on grinding surface
29
Q

maxillae

A

-second largest face bone
-upper jaw
forms the:
- anterior portion of hard palate
- lower, anterior portion of the face
- floor of nasal cavity
- walls of nasal cavity
- a portion of the eye socket

30
Q

anterior maxillae landmarks

A
  • frontal process
  • zygomatic process
  • nasal crest
  • nasal notch
31
Q

inferior maxillae landmarks

A
  • alveolar process
  • alveoli
  • palatine process
  • intermaxillary suture
  • premaxilla
  • premaxillary suture
  • incisive foramen
32
Q

maxillae: anterior surface

A
  • canine eminence
  • infraorbital foramen
  • anterior nasal spine
33
Q

maxillae: posterior surface

A
  • forms part of the infratemporal fossa
  • alveolar canals
  • maxillary tuberosity
  • maxillary sinus
  • inter-maxillary suture
  • orbital surface
  • nasal notch
  • lacrimal margin
  • nasal crest
  • transverse maxillo-palatine suture
34
Q

nasal bones

A
  • small, paired
  • make up bridge of nose, medial to frontal process of the maxilla
    articulate with:
  • frontal bone
  • maxilla
    -ethmoid bone
  • septal cartilage
35
Q

palatine bones

A
  • posterior to maxillae
  • makes up posterior 1/4 of hard palate
  • posterior 1/4 of nasal cavity
  • posterior walls of nasal cavity
  • “L” shaped
36
Q

palatine landmarks

A
  • horizontal plates
  • transverse maxillo-palatine suture
  • posterior nasal spines
  • vertical plate
  • inter-palatine suture
  • orbital process
37
Q

vomer

A
  • inferior aspect of nasal septum
  • unpaired bone
  • articulates with maxillae and palatine inferiorly
  • articualtes with sphenoid rostrum and perpendicular plate of ethmoid in posterior-superior region
38
Q

septum

A

separation wall between the two nasal cavities

39
Q

zygomatic bone

A 
- lateral aspect and floor of orbit
articulates with:
- frontal bone
- sphenoid
- maxilla
- temporal bone
note: zygomatic arch is made up of temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of temporal bone
40
Q

cranial bones

A
  • ethmoid (1)
  • sphenoid (1)
  • parietal (1 pair)
  • occipital (1)
  • temporal (1 pair)
  • frontal (1)
41
Q

ethmoid:

A
  • between orbital plates of frontal bone
  • forms part of medial orbit
  • forms superior part of nasal sinus
    landmarks:
  • crista galli
  • cribiform plate
  • perpendicular plate
  • superior and middle nasal concha
  • orbital surface
  • ethmoid sinus
42
Q

crista falli

A

prominence in cranial cavity for attachmen of falx cerebri (dura mater component)

43
Q

cribirform plate

A

separates cranial cavity and nasal cavity

- olfactory bulb through plate

44
Q

perpendicular plate

A

part of nasal septum with vomer

45
Q

sphenoid

A
  • butterfly shaped
  • bulk of floor of cranial
    cavity
    landmarks:
  • greater wing
  • medial pterygoid plate
  • lateral pterygoid plate hamulus
  • orbital surface sella turcica (hypophyseal fossa)
    cerebral surface
  • pterygoid fossa
  • pterygoid notch
  • lesser wing
46
Q

parietal

A
  • articulate with each other, frontal, temporal, and occipital bones
  • divided by sagittal suture
    landmarks:
  • occipital margin
  • superior temporal line
  • squasmosal/temporal margin
  • inferior temporal line
  • frontal margin sagittal line
47
Q

occipital

A
  • unpaired
  • posterior
    -lambdoidal suture to parietal
  • foramen magnum for spinal cord
    landmarks
  • squamous portion
  • inferior nuchal line
  • lambdoid (parietal) margin
  • basilar portion
  • superior nuchal line
  • foramen magnum
  • mastoid margin
  • occipital condyle
  • inion
48
Q

temporal

A
  • paired
  • mastoid
  • styloid process
  • external auditory meatus (EAM)
  • paretomastoid suture
  • zygomatic process
  • lateral cranium, includes entire ear, mastoid process, zygomatic arch
    landmarks:
  • squamous portion
  • mastoid portion
  • petrous portion
  • tympanic portion
  • styloid process
49
Q

frontal

A
  • unpaired
  • coronal suture
  • superior orbits
  • anterior brain case
  • forehead
    landmarks
  • glabella
  • supraorbital margin
  • ethmoid notch
  • temporal fossa
50
Q

vocal folds

A

source of sound

51
Q

oral cavity

A

we change shape of it to shape the osunds

52
Q

source-filter theory of sound production

A
  • describes how oral cavity shapes speech
  • states that a voicing source is generated by vocal folds, routed through vocal tract, and then shaped into sounds of speech
53
Q

articulators

A

points of articulation in speech

  • lips
  • hard palate
  • soft palate (velum)
  • cheeks
  • mandible
  • teeth
  • tongue - largest articulatory structure
54
Q

lips

A
  • orifice of mouth & external boundary of buccal cavity
  • made up of muscle, mucous membrane, epithelial tissue
  • vermillion zone: red part of lips
  • philtrum column: vertical line on side of philtrum
  • cupid’s bow
  • philtrum: groove on upper lip
  • labial glands: inner surface of lip around orifice
55
Q

orbicularis oris

A
  • oval ring of fiber
  • encircles mouth as a sphincter (draw string)
  • unpaired muscle
  • pucker lips, closes mouth
  • many other muscles insert here
  • surrounds the mouth
56
Q

transverse muscles

A
  • pulls lips toward teeth
  • approach horizontally
  • buccinator
  • risorius
57
Q

angular

A
  • pull corners up or down (smile or frown)
  • approach at an angle
  • levator anguli oris,
  • depressor anguli oris,
  • zygomatic major and minor
58
Q

vertical

A
  • pull upper lip up, lower lip down
  • approach vertically
  • mentalis
  • levator labii superioris
  • depressor labii inferioris
59
Q

buccinator

A
  • Bugler’s muscle
  • cheek
  • deepest facial muscle
  • origin: pterygomandibular raphe and mylohyoid line of mandible
  • course: anteriorly
  • insertion: VII facial
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: pulls lips toward teeth
60
Q

risorius

A
  • origin: fscia of masseter
  • course: superficial and parallel to buccinator
  • insertion: corner of mouth and lower lip
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: pulls lips toward teeth
61
Q

zygomatic minor

A
  • origin: facial surface of zygomatic bone
  • course: down
  • insertion: orbicularis oris
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: elevate upper lip corner
62
Q

zygomatic major

A
  • origin: zygomatic bone
  • course: down
  • insertion: corner of mouth
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: draws angle (corner) of lips up (grin)
63
Q

depressor anguli oris

A
  • originL: oblique line of mandible (sup. to angle)
  • course: up
  • insertion: orbicularis oris at corners
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: depress angle (corner) of lip (frown)
64
Q

levator anguli oris

A
  • superior counterpart to depressor anguli oris
  • deep to levator labii superior
  • above angle of mouth
  • origin: superficial surface of maxilla
  • course: down
  • insertion: orbicular oris, angle of mouth
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: elevate lip corner
65
Q

mentalis

A
  • origin: mental protuberance of mandible
  • protrusion, lower mid
  • course: up
  • insertion: center, obicularis oris
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: wrinkle chin, lower bottom lip
66
Q

depressor labii inferior

A
  • origin: mandible, lateral to mental symphysis
  • course: up and out
  • insertion: corner of mouth, orbicularis oris
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: draws lip down and in (pout)
67
Q

levator labii superior

A
  • origin: infraorbital margin of maxilla
  • couse: down and lateral to orbicularis oris and side of nostril (dilates nostril)
  • insertion: orbicularis oris
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: raises upper lip and flares nostril
68
Q

platysma

A
  • origin: cervical fascia and pectoral region
  • course: up
  • insertion: lower mandible
  • innervation: VII facial
  • function: depress mandible
69
Q

tongue

A
  • nearest teeth
  • blade: just below alveolar ridge
  • dorsum: just below hard palate
  • root: beneath soft palate

CSD 155 (16 decks)

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