CSD 155 LAB 2: Anatomical Terminology, Cellular Anatomy, & Joints

Question 1

anatomical position

Answer 1

body erect
arms at rest to the side
palms and feet forward
thumbs out

Question 2

horizontal/transverse

Answer 2

divides the body into upper & lower halves across the longitudinal section

Question 3

sagittal

Answer 3

divides body into left and right halves across a vertical section

Question 4

mid-sagittal

Answer 4

left half is same as right half

Question 5

para-sagittal

Answer 5

unequal left & right parts

Question 6

frontal/coronal

Answer 6

divides body into front & back halves

Question 7

superior

Answer 7

above

Question 8

inferior

Answer 8

below

Question 9

anterior (ventral)

Answer 9

toward the front

Question 10

posterior (dorsal)

Answer 10

toward the back

Question 11

superficial

Answer 11

external

Question 12

deep

Answer 12

internal or away from surface

Question 13

central

Answer 13

core

Question 14

peripheral

Answer 14

toward surface

Question 15

lateral

Answer 15

away from midline

Question 16

medial (mesial)

Answer 16

toward the midline

Question 17

proximal

Answer 17

toward body or root of extremities

Question 18

distal

Answer 18

away from body

Question 19

abduction

Answer 19

opening away from midline

Question 20

adduction

Answer 20

closing toward midline

Question 21

flexion

Answer 21

bending in

Question 22

extension

Answer 22

straightening out

Question 23

hyper

Answer 23

too much

Question 24

hypo

Answer 24

too little

Question 25

epithelial

Answer 25

skin or cavity lining (internal or external)

Question 26

connective

Answer 26

connects different tissues - function varies

Question 27

muscular

Answer 27

important for movement

Question 28

nervous

Answer 28

located in nervous system; stimulation & sensation

Question 29

vascular

Answer 29

important for blood flow

Question 30

squamous

Answer 30

smooth, flat, squashed

Question 31

columnar

Answer 31

column-like

Question 32

pyramidal

Answer 32

pyramid shaped

Question 33

simple

Answer 33

single

Question 34

stratified

Answer 34

multi/several layers

Question 35

central nervous system (CNS)

Answer 35

brain & spinal cord

Question 36

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 36

spinal nerves & cranial nerves

Question 37

cell body/soma

Answer 37

nutritional center

Question 38

nucleus

Answer 38

located within the cell body, processing incoming information

Question 39

dendrites

Answer 39

receive incoming information, many per neuron

Question 40

axon

Answer 40

sends outgoing information; only one per neuron

Question 41

myelin sheath

Answer 41

axon covering that speeds up the nerve conduction process

Question 42

nodes of ranvier

Answer 42

periodic interruptions in the myelin sheath allowing part of the axon to be exposed to extracellular fluids

Question 43

axon hillock

Answer 43

connection between axon and soma

Question 44

terminal buttons/telodendria

Answer 44

very end of the axon which touches the next axon

Question 45

glial cells

Answer 45

supportive cells

Question 46

internuncial neurons

Answer 46

connection neurons

Question 47

synapse

Answer 47

space between axon and dendrite (synaptic gap) | a neuron can be pre- or post-synaptic, in terms of location and function

Question 48

fibrous joints

Answer 48

immovable | ex. bones of skull

Question 49

cartilaginous joints

Answer 49

slightly movable | ex. articulations between the vertebrae

Question 50

synovial joints

Answer 50

freely movable | *the majority of joints in the human body are synovial

Question 51

ball and socket

Answer 51

allows rotation, great motion in all directions, many axes of movement ex. hip

Question 52

saddle

Answer 52

allows all motion except rotation | ex. thumb, stapes, incus, cricoarytenoid joint

Question 53

condyloid

Answer 53

allows two types of motion at right angle, no rotation | ex. wrist

Question 54

pivot

Answer 54

allows rotation at long axis or rounded proess

Question 55

hinge

Answer 55

allows motion in only one place, like a swinging door

Question 56

gliding

Answer 56

allows sliding movement, least amount of movement