Crown Church and Parliment 1485-1603 Flashcards
What does Patronage mean?
The distribution of land, offices or favours through direct access to either the monarch or their chief ministers
What was the House of Lords?
Where unelected officials sat, people such as Bishops or nobels with hereditary peers.
What was the House of Commons?
It was filled with elected MPs. 2 elected MPs represented each county and some boroughs (towns,) had the right to send a MP. Only wealthy land owners could vote and usually the MP won their seat uncontested. Nobels could easily influence MPs to what they wanted them too.
In Tudor times what was the main job of Parliment?
To grant taxes to the Monarch. An Act of Parliament had to be heard in both Houses before being given Royal Assent by a Monarch.
What was Parliment like under Henry the 7th?
He only ever called Parliament 7 times in 24 years in order to raise taxes for war, but as he infrequently took part in a war this was barley ever needed. He was always granted the taxes without complaint apart from in 1504 when he was forced to accept a smaller sum, something that had not been unusual in Medival England. He also used the Act of Attaindrr to punish his enemy’s after the Battle of Bosworth however he was careful not to suggest that Parliment had the right to decide who was Monarch or not. The Monarchs after him used Parliament to officialse the line of succession.
What was the early Parliament of Henry the 8th like, 1509-1523?
It only met 4 times and this was to raise taxes for war something which Henry wanted to incite. In 1513 when war was going well they were happy to do this, when it wasn’t in 1517 they became increasingly reluctant. There were more tensions in 1523 around this subject however the relationship was still mostly harmonious.
What was the role of the Tudor Church before 1529?
The Pope appointed people like Cardinals however this often was going along with the wishes of the Monarch at the time. Church played roles in things like baptisms and marriage and Saint days such as lent played role in ordinary people’s holidays. Mass and indulgences were seen as essential in order to reach heaven. It was the main source of education and learning and those who went against its teachings would be charged with heresy. Services were in Latin, education often to places like Oxford and Cambridge was available through the Church and how people raised in Status such as Worsley. Many clergymen held multiple posts so they had little contact with the people they were supposed to serve.
Why can it be said that the break with Rome wasn’t inevitable?
They held such a high position. For example, the wealthiest in society would leave money in their wills to pray for their souls. They were the biggest land owner and the traditions were associated with every day life especially in remote aras such as Cornwall, Lancashire, Yorkshire and Devon. Ordinary people gave money to the church to buy new Jewles and vestments.
What was the relationship between the Tudor State and Church in Henry the 7ths reign?
It was mainly harmonious however tensions seemed to arise over the power and privileges of the church such as the rights over sanctuary or benefit of the clergy aswell as the authority of the Pope. As a usurper Henry the 7th needed the support of the Church so allowed them to keep their privileges mostly. Although he was prepared to override secutaury laws to arrest a plotter of a Rebellion, Humphrey Stafford in 1486. In 1489 and 1491 he passed tightening laws over who could claim the benefit of the clergy. His relationship was goof though for example the Pope appointed Henry’s top choice John Morton to the Archbishop of Canterbury.
What’s the benefit of the clergy?
Any criminal who could prove that they were a member of the clergy could be tried in a Church Court rather then a royal one to avoid harsher punishments.
What was the relationship between Henry the 8th and the church before 1529?
It was generally harmonious. However, anticlecrism did exist. For example in 1512 there was another act to limit the benefit of the clergy in parliment although it could just have been seen as a continuation of Henry the 7ths work. However when they met in 1515 parliament critised the Church due to the Hunne Case. Henry published the defence of the seven sacraments and was named defender of the faith. Worsley being cardinal meant that he was had more power then the Archbishop and could even take part in electing the Pope.
What was the Hunne Case?
Richard Hunne was a merchant whose infant son died. He was asked to pay the usual motary fee and he refused and was sued in the Church Courts which found against him. He was sent to prison and found hung in his cell in December 1514. Despite his death he was found guilty of hersey and his corpse was burnt causing outrage.
What did Worsley do in relation to the Church?
He closed 30 corrupt monasteries between 1524 and 1529. He used the money to found a school in Ipswhich and an Oxford college in his name. He was Henry the 8ths Cheif minister. In 1527 he began to find it hard to have both his loyalty to the Pope and King dud to Henry’s wish for an annulment. His death in 1529 dramatically changed Church State relations.
What does annates mean?
Payments made by churchmen to Rome when they were appointed to a new position in the Church
What does convocation mean?
The Church’s version of parliment. It included representatives of local clergy plus bishops. It was split into an upper and lower house and was responsible of deciding how much tax the Church should pay the monarchy and making its canon laws. This power was attacked by Henry in the 1530s.
Why was Henry more unable to get a annulment from the Pope?
The Pope Clement the 7th was under the control of Queen Catherine’s nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor.
What was the act in conditional restraint of innates?
It happened in 1532 and put a temporary stop on annates being sent to the Pope and was the first step to getting rid of the Popes authority in England.
What was the submission of the clergy?
In 1532, Cromwell created this which forced the clergy into submission, they were no longer allowed to call convocations without Henrys permission or pass cannons without his agreement. Henry and Cromwell restricted the legal and financial power of the English Church.
What was the Act of Restraint of Appeals?
As Anne was pregnant, Henry was even more desperate to marry her in 1533. By passing this law, Cromwell stopped legal appeals from being sent to Rome. This was the first act which defined Henrys powers, Cromwell used statute laws to force everyone to obey.
