Challanges of Ketts Rebellion Flashcards
Who was the protector for Edward the 6th?
The Duke of Somerset.
How old was Edward the 6th when Ketts rebellion broke out?
11
What year was Ketts rebellion?
1549
What was enclosure?
It is blamed by many for the growth of poverty and vagrancy in Tudor England. It was widely used in the South East and Midlands as that is where the best places for sheep farming was. In the medival times, common land was shared by all and was often used ro graze animals however enclosure was the process of landlords enclosing this area for usually sheep farming.
Why was sheep farming becoming so popular at the time?
Landlords saw the financial opportunities that rearing sheep could bring due to the increasing profibilty of the cloth trade. They were also under increasing pressure from increasing powers and sheep farming needed little man power but could bring vast profits with as Sir Femour who had 17,000 sheep.
What does engrossing mean?
The process of amalgating two or more farms together. The buildings on these farms might then be left ro decay whilst their former occupants were forced to move elsewhere
What was rack renting?
The practice by landlords of rapidly increasing rents so that the tenants who were unable to pay would be evicted. It also led landlords to increase their profits.
What was foldcourse?
This tradition allowed landlords to use their tenants land and common land to graze sheep. This ed to tenants enclosing their arable lands to protect them from their landlords sheep.
Why did enclosure effect the poorest members of society?
They were the most reliant on this land to graze their animals.
What other problem did enclosure bring?
Common grazing provided manure for village crops, without this it became harder to grow food to survive.
What happened to do with enclosure in 1489?
There was an attempt to pass an act or parliment to regulate enclosure.
Who were the most vulnerable to the effects of enclosure?
Copy hold tennants (they had proof of their land from a manor document not a actual deed,) as their leases were most open to challenge and the landless.
Who issued an inquiry into illegal enclosures in 1517?
Thomas Worsley
What was the 1533 Sheep and farms act?
It tried to restrict the number of Sheep kept per farmer to 2,400, engrossing was allowed but only to a maximum of two farms.
What was introduced in March to November1549?
A tax on sheep to restrict the size of flocks and discouraged landlords from turning to sheep farming.
In what rebellion before Ketts did the rebels complain of enclosures?
The pilgrimage of grace
Where did Ketts rebellion take place?
East Anglia
Why was the practices of things like enclosure and foldclosure an issue in East Anglia?
It was an area dominated by sheep farming with some flocks reaching over a thousand
What is the idea of a godly commonwealth?
The commonwealth represented the common good in England. Protestants such as Hales, Latimer, Crowley and Somerset believed the wealthy had a Christian duty to look after the poor. This meant that the practices of enclosure were wring and the wealthy should be taking responsibility for the poor and needy.
Who made up the group of commonwealth men?
Politicians, clergymen and intellectuals with a strong reformist faith.
What are the two reasons that the ideas of the commonwealth men are important?
- Protector Somerset was influenced by their thinking to introduce commisions of enquiry into illegal enclosure. 2. Although many of the rebels could not read or write they could still hear about and understand the ideas of a need for a more just society so it influenced the actions of the rebels in 1549.
When did Edward the 6th come to power and then when did he die?
1547-1553
What was the real cause of poverty in the tudor period?
Population growth, enclosure made the problems caused by it worse but was not the root cause.
Between 1525 to 1551 how did the population grow?
It went from 2.3 million to 3 million.
Why was population growth such an issue?
It became harder to ensure an adequate food supply, this lead to rapid prices which hit the poor the most. This lead to more pressure for land to grow crops which is what encouraged Somersets governments to try and restrict enclosure. There was increased competition for jobs and more unemployment which lead to reliance on the limited poor relief or charity. The government passed the 1547 vagrancy act in response.
What was the 1547 vagrancy act?
Any able-bodied person who had not worked should be branded with a V, and sold into slavery for two years. The second offence would result in death.
What made the problems caused by population growth even worse in the 1540s?
There was poor harvests in 1545 and 1559
What encouraged landlords to carry on with the practice of enclosure?
The European Market in wool and cloth was temporarily booming
Why did the goverment take part in debasment of coinage in the 1540s and what did this add too?
They had done so to meet the costs of war with France and Scotland. This caused prices to rise even further adding ro inflation.
When did the Duke of Somersets commision on enclosures take place?
1548-49
What private parliamentary bill did the Duke of Somerset pass to protect his own workers?
A bill that protected the copyholder s on his own estate from enclosure.
Who did Somerset appoint to oversee government reform of social and economic problems?
John Hales
