Crosswords Flashcards
Coffin lid shaped urinary crystal
Struvite
Urine is the same osmolarity as plasma
Isothenuria
Term for blood in urine
Hematuria
Dumbbell shaped crystal seen in rabbits and goats
Calcium carbonate
Waste metabolite produced from red blood cell destruction
Bilirubin
Frequent small amounts of urine
Pollakiuria
These cells are 7 µm in diameter
Erythrocytes
The direct measurement of specific gravity of urine
Urinometer
These epithelial cells are large, flat, irregularly shaped cells with abundant of cytoplasm and a small round nucleus
Squamous
Urine specific gravity less than 1.008
Hyposthenuric
To lower the light on the microscope when looking at urine, what do you lower
Condensor
The presence of neutrophils in urine
Pyuria
Under high-power these cells appear as round granular spheres about 14 µm in diameter and have a nucleus
Leukocytes
Uses light refraction to measure urine specific gravity
Refractometer
Presence of Bilirubin in the urine
Bilirubinuria
Dipstick test is 4+ in diabetes mellitus
Glucose
The protein detected on the urine dipstick test
Albumin
Epithelial cells originating from the bladder
Transitional
Frequent large volumes of urine
Polyuria
The term for inflammation of the bladder
Cystitis
Cylindrical structures with Parallel sides present in acid urine
Casts
Phos
Phosphorus
Lipa
Lipase
Tp
Total protein
Bun
Urea
Ca
Calcium
Na
Sodium
Alkaline phosphatase
Alkp
Crea
Creatinine
Glob
Globulin
Chol
Cholesterol
K
Potassium
Tbil
Total bilirubin
Amyl
Amylase
Alananine transferase
Alt
Alb
Albumin
Which color tube has the anticoagulant heparin
Green
Which color tube has fluoride in it and thus is able to preserve glucose
Grey
Which color tube has a reversible anticoagulant citrate
Blue
Which color tube contains EDTA
Purple
Which color tube contains no anticoagulant and is just in a sterile glass container
Red
Which color tube contains no anticoagulant and a serum separator gel
Yellow and tiger top
Which color tube is used to do a CBC
Purple
Which tube is used to obtain plasma for the vet test
Green
Which tube is used to perform coagulation assays
Blue
Which color tube has an anticoagulant that is antithrombin
Green
Excitement releases which hormone
Epinephrine
Explain how excitement can cause polycythemia
Because it triggers splenic contractions that release red blood cells
Plasma is made up of 80% of what
Water
Name two major proteins in plasma
Albumin and globulin
Name three electrolytes in plasma
Sodium, chloride, potassium
What is pus in the urine called
Pyuria
What is cloudiness of a solution called
Turbidity
What is excess Bilirubin present in the urine called
Bilirubinuria
The range of which the urine specific gravity equals that of the glomerular filtrate meaning no dilution or concentration has occurred
Isosthenuria
Decreased amounts of urine that is being produced and excreted
Oliguria
The weight of a solution as compared to distilled water
Specific gravity
Increased specific gravity of urine
Hypersthenuria
No urine formation or excretion
Anuria
Presence of the muscle protein myoglobin in the urine
Myoglobinuria
Accumulation of large quantities of Ketone bodies
Ketosis
After the centrifugation process, the solution is divided into two portions. The blank is the liquid portion of the top and the sediment is at the bottom
Supernatant
Substances that act as electron contributors
Reducing agent
Presence of ketones in the Urine
Ketonuria
The filtrate of plasma that passes through the glomerulus
️Glomerular filtrate
After the centrifugation process the top the blank is at the bottom and consists of solids
Sediment
Enzyme linked amino observant assay used to detect or measure antigens are antibodies
Elisa
Presence of abnormal levels of protein in the urine
Proteinurua
Presence of hemoglobin in the urine
Hemoglobinuria
The degree to which a substance is easily dissolved
Soluability
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
Cystitis
An instrument for measuring the concentration of solutes
Refractometer
Decreased urine specific gravity
Hyposthenuric
Evaporates rapidly
Velocity
Presence of intact red blood cells in the urine
Hematuria
What is polycythemia
Increase of erythrocytes
A monolayer of cells in the blood smear is best described as
Cells with no overlapping or touching
Decreased total protein can suggest all of the following except for
Dehydration
Which erythrocyte Index gives an indication of the average size of a red blood cell
MCV
An elevated hematocrit usually indicates which situation is present
Dehydration
You know that a good ballpark estimate of the patient’s hemoglobin is
One third the packed cell volume
What is the first step of the diff quick
Fixative. The jar contains methanol
What is the second step of the diff quick
Eosin stain which is red
What is the third step of the diff quick
Methylene blue. The stain is blue
Is fibrinogen present in serum ?
False
How does a square blood smear occur
The pause was too long and forward spreading speed was too slow.
How do you fix a square blood smear
Take a shorter pause when backing into the drop and increase forward spreading speed
How do you make a half bullet blood smear
Uneven downward pressure on the spreader slide left to right
How do you fix a half bullet blood smear
Apply even downward pressure on the spreader slide
How do you make a blood smear with holes
If the slide has a dirty or greasy film a smear with holes will result. Holes may also occur if they’re fat particles in the blood
How do you fix a blood smear with holes
Clean your slide beforehand
How do you get tails on the blood smear
Tells may be caused by lifting the spreader slide up at the end of the spreading motion
How do you fix tails on the blood smear
Don’t lift us spreader side up at the end of the spreading motion
How do you get a long and narrow blood smear
When pushing the blood drop too soon before the blood has spread across the edge of spreader slide
How do you fix long and narrow blood smears
Pause longer when backing into the drop
How do you get a short and wide blood smear
If the spreader site is held at an angle greater than 30°
How do you fix a short And wide blood smear
Decrease the angle of the spreader slide
Which of the following is a vital stain
New methylene blue
Reticulocytes on a modified wrights stain example diff quick appear
Polychromatic
A decrease in this value is described as a microcyte
MCV
A decrease in this value describes hyperchromic
MCH
Measures the concentration of hemoglobin in the whole red blood cell volume
MCHC
Is measured in femtometers
MCV
Tells you the average weight of hemoglobin per red blood cell
MCH
How many days does it take to produce red blood cells in the bone marrow
6 to 8 days
Approximately _____ percent of the circulating blood cells of the dogs are replaced daily
1%
Effete red blood cells are phagocytized and metabolized by _____ of spleen, bone marrow, liver
Macrophages
Iron and amino acids are preserved for reutilization, and ____ is the waste product
Bilirubin
Where is BiliRubin excreted
Bile
Describe two things you need to do the week before your hematology duty week
- Meet with tech to let them know when you’ll be performing the blood draw. 2. Ensure you know how to use the machines properly for the next week
A variation in the staining pattern of the red blood cell. Typically appears more purple in color
Polychromic
A red blood cell that has a smaller diameter than what is considered normal for that species
Microcytic
Meaning renewal. In hematology refers to the increase production of new cells to replace the ones that have been lost.
Regenerative
A plasma protein that is involved in the clotting process. Under the influence of thrombin, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin.
Fibrinogen
Also referred to as a metarubricyte , these are immature, nuclear did red blood cells.
Nrbc
The simplified version of the activated partial thromboplastin time test. Assesses the intrinsic coagulation pathway
Activated clotting time
A condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is decreased due to low hemoglobin content or low red blood cell numbers
Anemia
A measurement that represents the average hemoglobin content of a red blood cell
MCH
The process of forming vacuoles, or a cavity within the cytoplasm of the cell
Vacuolation
A term used to describe the bright yellow coloring of mucous membranes or plasma sample. Associated with increased levels of bile pigments
Icteric
A clotting tests used to measure the activity of clotting factors V, VII, X, prothrombin, fibrinogen
Prothrombintime
Parasites found in the blood
Hemoparasites
Referring to variation in cell color
Chromasia
Inorganic compounds that disassociate in body fluids and carry a positive or negative
Electrolytes
Referring to the rupturing of red blood cells
Hemolyzed
Blood test and calculation that provide insight into the size of hemoglobin content of the average by blood cell of the sample
Red blood cell indices
Peripheral blood smear
Pbs
Revolutions per minute
Rpm
Anticoagulant used in blood collection tubes. Typically used to collect blood for coagulation studies
Sodium citrate
A cell displaying polychromasia
Polychromatophils
The formation and production of erythrocytes
Erythropoesis
A small piece of chromatin seem during interface of female cells. Typically seen in a drumstick shape
Barrbody
An enlarged platelet
Megathrombocyte
The portion of the cell that surrounds the nucleus. May contain various organelles
Cytoplasm
A group of Eosin and methylene blue stains used in hematology and cytology
Romanowskystains
Including test that assesses the intrinsic coagulation pathway of whole blood
Activated partial thromboplastin time
Referring to the presence of fatty materials or lipids in plasma or serum
Lipemic
The fluid portion of whole blood before coagulation
Plasma
A red blood cell that has decreased hemoglobin content and therefore appears pale in color
Hypochromic
A measurement that represents the average volume of a red blood cell
MCV
A aggregation of platelets visualized on the blood smear
Platelet clumping
Reticulocyte production index. Corrects the reticulocyte count by taking into account the presence of anemia. Gives a more accurate representation of red cell regeneration
Rpi
An area of a peripheral blood smear where the blood cells are evenly distributed
Monolayer
The fluid portion of coagulated blood. Does not contain any coagulation proteins
Serum
A measurement that represents the average hemoglobin concentration of a red blood cell
Mchc
A body within a cell that contains the chromosomes and nucleoli
Nucleus
Accumulation of residual endoplasmic reticulum found immature neutrophils. Associated with toxemia
Dohlebodies
And immature erythrocyte but no longer contains a nucleus
Reticulocyte
Anticoagulant used in the blood collection tubes. Sodium heparin or lithium heparin are two available forms
Heparin
Instrument used to count cells in a variety of fluids. Consists of a counting chamber etched with a grid covered by a coverslip.
Hemocytometer
Stain particles that settle out if the solution. Is a source of artifacts
Stain precipitate
Referring to abnormally shaped red blood cells
Poikilocytosis
A measure of the variation size of red blood cells
Rdw
The area of a peripheral blood spear where Counts are performed and morphologys are assessed
Monolayer
The middle layer of a packed so valuable that contains the leukocytes thrombocytosis
Buffy coat
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
Edta
A stain used in blood, vaginal smears, cytology. Provides high nuclear detail. Used to identify the presence of reticulocytes a lot of blood smear
Nmb
When you use the unopette method on bird blood that stains eosinophils, what other avian WBC is also stained
heterophils
What is a heterophil equivelent to
neutrophil
what biochem value is used in birds to assess renal function
uric acid
how would you determine if a bird has responsive anemia when looking at the smear
more than 5% polychromasia
T/F a bird with elevated CPK and a normal AST has a liver problem
false
What electrolyte would be elevated in a reproductively active female bird
calcium
Which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for protein digestion
trypsin
which electrolyte is responsible for maintaining plasma oncotic pressure
sodium
the _______ test is considered the most sensitive indicitor of pancreatitis in cats
pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity
what does the X-ray film digestion test actually measure
fecal trypsin
what are the vitamin K dependent coagulation factors
factors I, VII, X, XII
What is the primary site for production of coagulation factors
liver
which of the following is not a coagulation factor: Factor II (prothrombin), Factor X, von Willebrand’s factor, Factor VII
Von Willebrand’s factor
What cannot be detected with mucosal bleeding time
rodenticide toxicity
What increases with malignancy, particularly with lymphosarcoma
calcium
Hyperkalemia is commonly associated with which endocrine disorder
hypoadrenocorticism
