Blood Typing in Cats/Dogs Flashcards
What is a Major Crossmatch
Donor RBCs and recipient serum or Plasma
What does a major crossmatch ask
Asks : Does the recipient have antibodies to the Donor’s RBCs
What is a Minor Crossmatch
Donor serum + recipient RBCs
What does a minor crossmatch ask
Asks: Does the donor have antibodies to recipient RBCs
What are the feline blood types
Type A, Type B and Type AB
What blood type do most felines have
Most cats possess the A antigen,
one-third of those have naturally occurring, low-titer, anti-B antibody
**Type B cats all have a naturally occurring, highly tittered anti-A antibody ***
Type AB cats are rare
Why are blood type AB cats rare
Type AB cats are rare and since such cats have both A and B antigens on the erythrocyte membrane, they do not have or develop anti-A or anti-B antibodies
When type AB cats get a blood transfusion, which type do you give them
It is recommended to give them type A blood
What blood type are the expensive breeds (persian, scottish fold etc)
B
What percentage of cats are type A
90%
What happens when type B cats get transfused with type A blood
Cats with B erythrocytes exhibit an immediate and catastrophic systemic anaphylactic reaction when transfused with Type A blood because of their natural high-titered anti-A antibody
A severe reaction can occur with as little as 1 ml of blood !!
What happens when a type A gets transfused with type B blood.
1/3 of cats with A erythrocytes will have natural low-tittered anti-B antibody will exhibit only a mild reaction when transfused with the B blood (not fatal)
Even if they do not have antibodies the transfused erythrocytes have a short life span ( only 7-10 days).
In a good transfusion – transfused blood will last approximately 21 days
Type A gets what type in a blood transfusion?
Type B gets what type in a blood transfusion?
Type A cats get type A blood
Type B cats get type B blood
What is the Mik antigen
newly Discovered Mik antigen
This was discovered when there was incompatible cross-match done on cats of the same blood type
There are naturally occurring allo antibodies in MiK negative Cats
The vast majority of Cats are Mik positive
Always DO CROSSMATCH TEST
What is Neonatal isoerythrolysis
Type A kittens resulting from a mating of a Type B queen with a Type A male
maternal anti- A antibody occurs in the colostrum where it can be absorbed by the newborn kitten
Causes hemalytic anemia in kitten
Can be a cause of Fading Kitten Syndrome
How do you prevent isoerythrolysis
Breeders can blood type cats before mating
Blood typing can be done on blood from the umbilicus as kittens at birth (very convenient with the Alvedia system)
Remove Type A kitten if the Queen is Type B
What are the tests for blood typing
- Rapidvet
2. Alvedia
What is on the feline rapid vet H
Lyophylized antisera (antibody) on the test card This is an agglutination test
Why does auto agglutination happen in cats
A certain number of feline patients exhibit auto-agglutination of varying degrees due to serum factors that cause agglutination of the patient’s own red cells
What do you do if you have auto agglutination.
If you have autoagglutination wash the remaining red cells with saline
What do you do if an animals pcv is less than 10
Centrifuge the blood sample on the urine setting of the centrifuge and remove supernatant(plasma) by pipette so that the hematocrit is increased to >15.
What is the rapid vet typing system based on
immuno-chromatographic (lateral flow) technology
What type of blood sample do you need for the rapid vet typing system
Need EDTA blood sample
What is the pro of the alvedia blood typing system
Also uses immune chromatography
It will not be affected by a low PCV
It will not be affected by auto agglutination
Sample can be taken directly from umbilicus of kitten
What is the primary blood type in dogs
DEA 1.1 is the primary lytic factor
DEA 1.1 most common serious reactions
Dogs do not have naturally occuring allo antibodies
what happens when a sensitized DEA 1.1 –ve dog gets +ve blood .
have a serious anaphylactic reaction
What can cause neonatal isoerythrolysis
DEA 1 negative breeding bitches have been either transfused with positive blood or have been repeatedly bred to DEA 1.1 positive sires.
OR
DEA 1 positive Puppies may develop neonatal isoerythrolysis after nursing due to the development of anti-DEA 1 antibodies in the colostrum.