Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI > Crohn's disease > Flashcards

Crohn's disease Flashcards

1
Q

What type of disease is Crohn’s?

-2

A

IBD

autoimmune

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

describe/define Crohn’s succinctly?

A

Chronic disconnected transmural inflammation of the bowel anywhere from mouth to anus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

disconnected nature of inflammation leads to what feature.

A

skip lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

transmural nature of inflammation leads to what feature.

A

fistulas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a granuloma

A

pocket of macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which ethnicities are at risk?

-2

A

Caucasian

Ashkenazic Jew

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which gene is implicated?

A

HLA-B27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which lifestyle factor increases risk?

-1

A

smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is FHx a risk factor?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

is family history required for you to have crohn’s?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is inflammation worst?

as a result what vitamin is deficient?

A

terminal ileum

B12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is there anaemia?

-3 reasons

A

low B12, low folate, low iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which phenomena in adolescent is delayed?

A

puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what blood tests increase in flare ups?

-4

A

FCP
CRP
ESR
leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

why is there diarrhoea?

A

inflamed intestines can not absorb water & nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why is there fatigue?

A

anaemia

malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what happens to weight and why?

A

weight loss

not absorbing nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which inflammatory marker allows you to differentiate IBD from IBS?

A

FCP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does FCP stand for?

A

faecal calprotectin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what does ESR stand for?

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

high ESR indicates what?

A

inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

most common symptom in adults?

A

diarrhoea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

most common symptom in children?

A

abdo pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

where is abdo pain particularly bad?

-which quadrant

A

LRQ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
3 layers of the gut?
mucosa sub mucosa muscularis
26
define transmural?
going through wall
27
crohns pt has blood in stool and pain on defecation. what might be cause in respect to crohn's?
anal fissure
28
what is an anal fissure?
tear in anal lining
29
hallmark feature of toxic megacolon on AXR?
big colon
30
treatment for toxic megacolon
resect colon
31
bowel perforation on AXR, what is hallmark feature?
sub-diaphragmatic air
32
which complications of crohn's can cause distended abdomen? | -2
toxic megacolon | strictures/obstruction
33
why might crohn's pt be at increased risk of skin cancer?
SE of thiopurines
34
Complications of IBD that requires regular screening?
bowel cancer
35
where do apthous ulcers most commonly arise?
mouth
36
symptoms of crohn's? | -4
diarrhoea abdominal pain bloody stools fatigue/lethargy
37
potential features on rectal exam? | -6
blood, skin tags, erythema, fissures, fistulas, ulceration
38
cutaneous extra-intestinal manifestations? -2 describe what each of these things are?
Erythema nodosum - fat under skin gets inflamed, causing tender red nodule to form on skin, mainly on shins Pyoderma gangrenosum - pustule or nodule becomes ulcer and keep growing
39
MSK extra-intestinal manifestations? | -3
arthritis Osteoporosis clubbing
40
low oestrogen and crohn's is a risk factor for what MSK condition, particularly for women?
osteoporosis
41
most common extra-intestinal manifestation in both Crohn’s & UC ?
arthritis
42
hepatobiliary extra-intestinal manifestation that is way more common in UC?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
43
most common place to see erythema nodosum on body?
legs
44
extra-intestinal manifestation in eyes? | -2
episcleritis | uveitis
45
give all potential blood results for crohn's? | -10
↓B9, ↓B12, ↓D, ↓Fe, ↑FCP, ↑CRP, ↑ESR, ↑WBC LFTs – low albumin U&Es - ↑urea, high urea:creatinine ratio, from dehydration
46
what do you want to exclude on stool culture? | -2
gastroenteritis & pseudomembranous colitis
47
in the context of crohn's, low albumin shows what? what blood test is done to check albumin?
malabsorption LFT
48
features seen on colonoscopy? | - 3
deep ulcers skip lesions cobblestone appearance
49
features seen on histology? | -3
transmural inflammation granulomas goblet cells
50
gold standard Ix?
Colonoscopy + biopsy
51
which serum antibody marker is high in crohn's?
ASCA
52
features seen on barium fluoroscopy? -3
o Kantor’s string sign = strictures o “rose thorn” ulcers o Fistulae
53
what do you call a fistula between bowel and bowel?
enteroenteric fistula
54
what do you call a fistula between bowel and skin?
enterocutaneous
55
what do you call a fistula between bowel and bladder?
enterovesical
56
what do you call a fistula between bowel and vagina?
enterovaginal
57
give all potential blood results for crohn's?
↓B12, ↓D, ↓Fe, ↑FCP, ↑CRP, ↑WBC LFTs – low albumin U&Es - ↑urea, high urea:creatinine ratio, from dehydration
58
what is seen on colonoscopy? | -3
o Deep ulcers, skip lesions, cobblestone mucosa
59
what is seen on histology?
transmural inflammation, granulomas, goblet cells
60
antibody marker for crohn's?
ASCA
61
antibody marker for UC?
pANCA
62
a stricture is seen on barium fluoroscopy. What name is given to this type of stricture?
Kantor’s string sign
63
group of drugs used to induce remission? give two named examples in this group?
Glucocorticoids prednisolone or hydrocortisone
64
name two 1st line drugs used to maintain remission? what group are these two drugs? what class?
Azathioprine or Mercaptopurine immunomodulators purine synthesis inhibitors
65
2nd line drug to maintain remission?
methotrexate
66
last resort drug for refractory crohn's? group of drug? moa of this drug (class)?
Adalimumab monoclonal antibody TNF alpha blocker
67
Adalimumab & methotrexate belongs to what group of drugs?
immunosuppressant
68
what class is ciprofloxacin?
flucloxacillin
69
what class is metronidazole? what type/group of drugs does it belong to?
nitroimidazole antibiotics
70
azathioprine causes risk of what cancer?
skin cancer
71
definitive treatment for abscess?
incise+drain
72
definitive treatment for fistulae?
resect affected part of bowel
73
definitive treatment for highly damaged/inflamed ileum?
ileocecal resection
74
panproctocolectomy is done. what type of stoma is needed?
ileostomy
75
peri-anal disease from Crohn's. which two drugs can be given? what group to these two drugs belong to?
ciprofloxacin or metronidazole antibiotics

GI (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions