Critical Care Cardiology Flashcards
In response to ______, pulmonary arteries constrict.
hypoxia
In response to decrease in systemic perfusion, blood vessels ________.
constrict
Cardiac Output Formula
HR x Stroke Volume
Normal Range: Cardiac Index
2.5 - 5 L/min
Normal Range: Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
50 - 250 dynes
Normal Range: Systemic Vascular Resistance
800 - 1200 Dynes
The force required to accelerate a mass of one gram at a rate of one centimeter per second squared.
Dyne
The _____ “Kentucky” heart sound is caused by CHF or Chordae Tendinae dysfunction.
S3
The ____ “Tennessee” heart sound is caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, HTN, Pulmonary or Aortic Stenosis
S3
Auscultation Points for heart sounds in order
Aortic
Pulmonic
Tricuspid
Mitral
(All Physicians Take Money)
This electrolyte flows into the cell to initiate depolarization.
Sodium
This electrolyte flows out of the cell to initiate repolarization.
Potassium
This electrolyte maintains depolarization of pacemaker cells/myocardial contractility
Calcium
This electrolyte stabilizes the cell membrane.
Magnesium
A complete block of the ____ is often called the “widow maker”
Left Coronary Artery
Troponin increases _____ hours from onset of chest pain.
3 - 12
Troponin peaks at 24 - 48 hours, and returns to baseline over ______ days
5 - 14
The most sensitive EARLY MARKER for myocardial infarction is ___________.
Myoglobin
An _______ MI can cause bradycardia or 1 Degree or 2nd Degree block.
Inferior
An anterior MI can be caused from occlusion of the ________.
Left Anterior Descending Artery
______ are widened QRS complexes or “rabbit ears”
Bundle Branch Blocks
______ are associated with new onset AMI’s.
Left Bundle Branch Blocks
The Right Coronary Artery is repaired using the ________ vein.
Saphenous
The Left Anterior Descending Artery is repaired using the ________.
Inferior Mammary Artery
Class 1 Antidysrhythmics
Sodium Channel Blockers
Class 2 Antidysrhythmics
Beta Blockers
Class 3 Antidysrhythmics
Potassium Channel Blockers
Class 4 Antidysrhytmics
Calcium Channel Blockers
Class 5 Antidysrhythmics
Miscellaneous
Norepinephrine and dopamine are often used in _____________.
Hypovolemic Shock
Both dopamine and milrinone are often used in ___________.
Cardiogenic Shock
Diuretics and Vasodilators make __________ worse.
cardiac output
_______ Syndrome is seen as a slurred upstroke on the leading edge of the QRS complex.
Wolff-Parksinson-White
_____ is the diagnostic lead for WPW.
V1
IV Drug Abuse is the #1 leading cause of ___________.
endocarditis
_______ are red lesions on the palm and soles that is seen in Endocarditis.
Janeway Lesions
______ are painful red fingertips seen in Endocarditis.
Osler Nodes
_________- is pericarditis occurring in the post-MI/ post cardiac surgery patient.
Dressler’s Syndrome
In CHF, the heart is ____% the width of the chest.
50
An _________ is described as a “ripping or tearing” sensation between the shoulder blades.
Aortic Dissection
An Aortic Dissection is common with ________ Syndrome.
Marfan’s
______ is an “out ruching” of either the cardiac aorta or the abdominal aorta.
Aneurysm
An aneurysm is surgically repaired when > _______, or symptomatic.
5 cm
