Advanced Airway Management Flashcards
Critical Value pH
7.2
Critical Value CO2
> 55
Critical Value PaO2
< 60
Needle cricothyrotomy should be performed in children < ______ years of age
8
Difficult Intubation Predictor Acronym
Look Evaluate (3 - 2 - 2) Mallampti (I - IV) Obstructions Neck Mobility
The _____ criteria represent a set of difficult airway predictors is more specific to an emergent airway.
H - Hypoxemia E - Extremes of Size A - Anatomic Challenges V - Vomit, Blood, Fluid E - Exsanguination/ Anemia N - Neck Mobility
________ Maneuver is posterior pressure on the cricoid cartilage, believed to occlude esophagus.
Sellick’s
The _______ blade is the preferred method for neonates, infants, and young children.
Miller
Bougie Size for Adults:
15 Fr
Bougie Size for Pediatrics:
10 Fr
A High Flow Nasal Cannula can deliver _____ liters of warm, humidified air.
20 - 60
ETT Cuff pressure should be between _______ mmHg.
20 - 30
25 mmHg is standard
A ________ is the gold standard of ETT tube confirmation.
Chest X- Ray
The ETT Tube should be placed _____ cm above the carina.
4 - 5
The ETT Tube should be placed at the ______ vertebrae.
T3 - T4
Colorimetric Device should be _____ upon opening the package and should change to _____ if ET tube is placed correctly.
purple
yellow
“Yellow is yes, purple is pull.”
7 P’s For Successful Intubation
Preparation Preoxygenate Pretreatment Paralysis w/ induction Protect Placement Post-Intubation management
_______ is a depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent.
Succinylcholine
______ is the reversal agent for Fentanyl
Naloxone
______ is the reversal agent for Midazolam.
Flumazenil
Malignant Hyperthermia is treated with ________.
Dantrolene Sodium (Dantrium)
______ is the reversal agent for Rocuronium.
Sugammadex (Bridion)
Post Intubation Management Dosages
Fentanyl: 1 -3 mcg/kg/hr
Ketamine: 1 -2 mg/kg/hr
Versed: .05 - .1 mg/kg/hr
_____ is how much air the patient breathes in a NORMAL BREATH.
Tidal Volume
The amount of air that can be FORCEFULLY INHALED in addition to a normal tidal volume breath.
Inspiratory Reserve Volume
The amount of air that can be FORCEFULLY EXHALED after a normal tidal volume breath.
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Tidal Volume + Inspiratory Reserve Volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume
Vital Capacity
The amount of air left in the respiratory tract following forceful exhalation.
Residual Volume
IRV + Tidal Volume + ERV + Residual Volume
Total Lung Capacity
The surfaces of the airway that are not involved in gaseous exchange.
Dead Space (2ml/kg)
_____ chemoreceptors are located in the medulla/pons.
Central
______ chemoreceptors are located in the aortic arch/ carotid bodies.
Peripheral
The Central Chemoreceptors are driven by _____.
CO2
The peripheral chemoreceptors are driven by _____.
O2
_______ is the law that gases travel from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Fick’s Law of Diffusion
Respiratory pattern which is deep, gasping inspiration with a pause at full inspiration followed by a brief, insufficient release. Associated with decerebrate posturing.
Apneustic
Complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea. Caused by damage to the medulla secondary to trauma or stroke.
Ataxic
Groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea. Caused by medulla damage by stroke or trauma, or pressure on the medulla secondary to brainstem herniation.
Biot’s
Pregressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in temporary apnea. Associated with decorticate posturing.
Cheyne-Stokes
Respirations gradually become deep, labored and gasping. Associated with DKA.
Kussmaul’s
The gold standard for oxygenation is _______.
pulse oximetry
The gold standard for ventilation is ______.
ETCO2
______ respiratory failure is the inability to diffuse O2. Seen in ARDS, Pneumonia, CHF.
Hypoxic
______ respiratory failure is the inability to remove CO2. (Stroke, Trauma)
Hypercarbic
How to measure tidal volume
4 - 8 cc/kg IDEAL BODY WEIGHT
Peak Inspiratory Pressure should be < ____ cmH2O
35
Plateau Pressure should be < ____ cmH2O.
30
______ can lead to “breath-stacking”
Assist-Control Ventilation
Ventilator Alarm Pneumonic
D - dislodged O - Obstructed P - Pneumothorax E - Equipment S - Stacked Breath
Ratio of alveolar ventilation and blood traveling through the capillaries.
V/Q Ratio
A flatted diaphragm on chest x-ray indicates _______.
Asthma and COPD
______ shows a “ground glass appearance” on a chest x-ray
ARDS
