Criminal Inv-Chapter 6, Basic Investigative Leads and Informants

Question 1

Active Informtion

Answer 1

leads to the establishment of a group of suspects

Question 2

Passive information

Answer 2

a group of suspects has been developed

Question 3

fingerprints found at crime scenes reveal the

Answer 3

opportunity or presence factor

Question 4

modus operandi of a criminal is

Answer 4

his or her signature

Question 5

National Crime Information Center -NCIC

Answer 5

computer system dedicated to law enforcement thru out US, Mexico and Canada. First in operation in 1967 with 2.5 million inquires first year. Today, 2.5 million inquires a day

Question 6

1994 Jacob Wetterling Crimes against Children and Sexually Violence Offender Registration ACT.

Answer 6

in honor of 11 yr old Jacob Wetterling who was kidnapped in Minnesota. Requires states create sex offender registries.

Question 7

1996 Wetterling Act was amended by establishing

Answer 7

a national sex offender database maintained by FBI

Question 8

first state to pass an offender registration law in 1947

Answer 8

CAlifornia. requires convicted arsonist, drug dealers and sex offenders to register. Drug offender reg. terminates 5 yrs after discharge. Sex offender and arson is lifetime

Question 9

as long as photographs show 5 or 10 suspects of various types and origins, the practice does not

Answer 9

destroy the validity of future testimony of these witnesses

Question 10

Identi-Kit

Answer 10

consists of several hundred plastic slides containing photo reporductions of one small portion of human face: hairsyle, forehead, eyes etc.
composite sketch of suspect

Question 11

6 types of relationships that form strong personal linkage between person engaged in crim activity

Answer 11

Neighborhood friendship, Juvenile hall and prison,

family relationships, coethnic contacts, buyer-seller interaction, lovers

Question 12

basic-lead informant

Answer 12

motivated to divulge info to investigator for multitude of reasons.

Question 13

participant informant

Answer 13

they participate directly in gathering sufficient evidence to warrant an arrest..

Question 14

special employee- type of informant

Answer 14

paid a fee set in advance for this work. is hired because of knowledge or friendship among local drug sellers

Question 15

shill- acts as a decoy. informants have been used as shills

Answer 15

in sting operations, aimed at discovering burglars and thieves and recovering stolen property. informant sells property to police playing undercover buyers in order to lure real theives in

Question 16

Sting operation in Chicago, known as ABSCAM

Answer 16

FBI used participant informants to uncover political corruption. prosecuted US senator, 6 member of US House Rep, several local public officials in Pennsyv, New Jersey

Question 17

accomplice witness

Answer 17

person liable to prosecution for identical offense. in return for cooperation, prose team offers leniencey

Question 18

US Supreme Court US v Knotts

Answer 18

noted that scientific enhancement of the beeper raised no constitutional issues that would not be raised by visual surveillance

Question 19

Audio surveillance

Answer 19

wiretapping and electronic eavsdropping . US Supreme crt called in “dirty business”

Question 20

Dalia v US 1979

Answer 20

Court ruled, they find no basis for a consitutional rule proscribing all covert entries

Question 21

US v Katz, 1967

Answer 21

doctrine established that such eavesdropping may properly be conducted under court supervision similiar to procedures now available to police in securing search warrants and warrants of arrest

Question 22

Consensual electronic surveillance

Answer 22

also known as Participant monitoring.. One consenting party is wired for recording

Question 23

Contact surveillance

Answer 23

fluorescent preparations to stain a persons hands or clothing upon contact and be observable proof f a connection betwwen stained person and object under surveil.

Question 24

Title III of Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Street Act–Title III

Answer 24

1968, Congress codified the requirements for obtaining court authority to intercept oral and wire communications.

Question 25

1994, Title III was amended when Congress passed

Answer 25

Communication Assistance for Law Enforcement ACT - CALEA.

Question 26

police intelligence process is “cyclical

Answer 26

series of linked activities beginning with the need of users and ending with intelligence reports to specific users.

Question 27

proactive investitation

Answer 27

based on info provided by informants, co-conspirators and intel gathering activities or data on ongoing crimes.

Question 28

three different types of lineups

Answer 28

field lineup, photographic lineup,physical lineup.

Question 29

1972 US Supreme crt determined in US v Wade

Answer 29

lineup is a critical stage of proceedings against defendant and defendant has a right to counsel at these lineups.

Question 30

____ and _____ are broad areas of investigation basic to any crime.

Answer 30

Motive and opportunity

Question 31

A diamond fraud case involving no less than $5,500,000, the mastermind,___ ____ ordered two of his crime partners killed (his accountant and her assistant).

Answer 31

Irwin Margolies

Question 32

Contact surveillance techniques cont. Types

Answer 32

• Tracer preparation- ultraviolet spectrum and become visible only under ultraviolet light
• Tracer paste- good for objects exposed to weather and examined under ultraviolet light
• Felt pens- tracer marking of objects; money or merchandise
• Dye powder- invisible when dry, comes visible when wet