Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Criminal Investigations > Criminal Inv-Chapter 1, Evolution of Policing and Investigation > Flashcards

Criminal Inv-Chapter 1, Evolution of Policing and Investigation Flashcards

1
Q

Authors

A

Charles A Lushbaugh-retired Lt. Sacramento County Sheriffs Dept, Lecturer at California State Univ,
Paul B Weston- deceased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Edition is dedicated

A

daughter Jennifer and son David and their boys; Scott, Miles and Desmond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Evolution of Policing and Investigation

A

Chapter 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Police agencies first being formed in this country were modelled after the___

A

London Metropolitan Police

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Before there was a criminal justice system, individual citizens played a much larger role in providing for______________

A

his own personal protection and dealing with any crime victimization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

principle of Posse Comitatus

A

means power or force of the community to enforce laws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

hearings of the accused when before a disinterested third party, typically the ___

A

local lord or magistrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

This statute was passed requiring all towns to have men on the streets after dark to provide safety

A

1285 Statute of Winchester

due to populations increased and cities and towns grew, the small tight-knit agrarian community failed to control crime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

All able bodies males were required to serve on a rotational basis, without pay.

A

night watchmen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

watchman were supervised by

A

constable-also a private citizen, who served a voluntary one-year term

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The statute also required citizens to come to the aid of the night watchmen whenever they gave —-for assistance

A

hue and cry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

statute required all males between the ages of ___ and ____ to keep arms for the purpose of rendering aid and subdue offenders

A

15 and 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Parliament, in 1689 established _____ for the conviction of crimes.

A

rewards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1750 the reward for the conviction of a robbery suspect was increased to ____

A

140 pounds, a sum equal to three to four year of income for a skilled workman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

motivated by the reward money and their ability to confiscate the possessions of criminal, often criminals themselves

A

thief-takers- system of reward gave the thief-takers a bad reputation and some suspected of encouraging crimes for purpose of solving them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

1748 crime had increased in England and it capital, London, was recognized as one of the most dangerous cities in Europe. Same year, former novelist, playwright and attorney was named magistrate for the Bow Street court

A

Henry Fielding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

was known as one of the worst crime ridden areas in Londaon

A

Bow Street

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

who organized a group of former constables and thief-takers to carry out investigations and bring suspect to trial and what was the name they came to be known?

A

Henry Fielding

runners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

who took over after Henry Fielding passed away in 1754

A

his brother, John Fielding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

John Fielding organized mounted patrols, foot patrols in streets and employed between how many officers to patrol Bow Street area

A

300 and 400 officers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fielding established the Police Gazette to serve what purpose

A

encouraged victims to report crimes
victims would recieve assitance from runners in the investigations of crimes.
published info about criminal activity, names and description of wanted criminals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how long did John Fielding served as magistrate of the Bow Street court

A

25 years- was knighted for his efforts in crime fighting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

John Fielding is considered to be the ____

A

Father of modern police detective.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

in ___ became the British Home Secretary,

A

1822, Robert Peel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

British Home Secretary was responsible for ___

A

internal security of England.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

1829 Peel presented a reform bill that started __

A

Londons Metropolitan Police

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

officers came on duty in ___

A

September 1829

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Turnover was high largely due to ____

A

improper conduct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

the “peelers” who were both feared and hated soon became the ____

A

bobbies- a names used in reference to Robert Peel and a term of respect and appreciation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Known today as the Father of policing and would go on to become the Prime Minister of England and knighted for his service to his country

A

Robert Peel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

much like England, the ____ ___ system of policing in the United States was overwhelmed with crime as a result of ____ and ____

A

night-watch

urbanization and immigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Riots in the major cities such as ___,___ and __ showed that the time for police had come.

A

Philadelphia
Boston
new york

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

1845 the city of ___established a police force modelled after the London Metropolitan Police

A

New York

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

early police depts in America were formed at city level of government. These cities were under control of corrupt political machines operating under the ____

A

spoils system

35
Q

Spoils system

A

politicians extorted money from people and companies wanting to due business with city.
this influence corrupted the new police dept as well

36
Q

Under the “spoils system”, formed of _____ existed, whereby an applicant had to have political friends to become a police officer

A

patronage

37
Q

Chief advocate of reforming the police was

A

August Vollmer- Chief of police in Berkley, CA from 1905-1932

38
Q

Vollmer and other reformers advocated the following agenda:

A
  1. Policing should be professional that serves community on a non partison basis
  2. politics should be eliminated from policing
  3. Law Enf agencies should be headed by qualified chief executive
  4. Law Enf agencies should raise the hiring and training standards for new recruits
  5. Agencies should apply modern management principles and advocate centralized command and control of police operations
  6. Agencies should create specialized units such as traffic, juvenile and vice
39
Q

To accomplish the goals of these reformers, reformers advocated the use of _____for selection and promotion of police personnel.

A

Civil Service System

40
Q

Vollmer wrote extensivley about police and became _____during the 1920s

A

president of the International Association of Chiefs of Police

41
Q

____ is considered to be the Father of modern policing in America

A

Vollmer

42
Q

a major social event that had tremendous impact on moving policing towards professionalism

A

Great Depression of 1930s

43
Q

The use of science to answer legal questions is known as

A

forensics

44
Q

the application of scientific techniques in collecting and analyzing physical evidence.

A

criminalistics

45
Q

Father of forensic toxicology

A

Mathieu Orfila (1787-1853)- study of effects of poisons

46
Q

earliest advocate of criminal investigation as a science was

A

Hans Gross (1848-1915)- professor of criminology at Univ of Vienna.

47
Q

Gross published ______1906

A

System der Kriminalistik (Criminal Investigation)

H

48
Q

Gross greatest contribution to the introduction of science in criminal investigation was the advocacy of

A

a parallel system of inquiry based on the crime scene

49
Q

___developed the first means of human identification known as “anthropometry”

A

Alphonse Bertillon- measurements of various parts of body along with photograph.

50
Q

Bertillon system worked well for over two decades until unraveled by the ____

A

Will West case in 1903

51
Q

Bertillon’s system was replaced by the identificaiton of individuals through ___

A

fingerprints

52
Q

who is still considered to be the Father of criminal identification

A

Alphonse Bertillon

53
Q

provided the first definitive study of fingerprints in his book “Finger Prints”

A

Francis Galton

54
Q

authored in 1910, the first significant text in the field of questioned documents.

A

Albert S Osborn- repsonsible for the acceptance of documents as scientific evidence by courts

55
Q

Founder and director of Institute of Criminalistics at University of Lyons.

A

Edmond Locard- he pursuaded the police dept in Lyons, France to finance a small police lab.

56
Q

Locard is perhaps best known today for his ___

A

exchange principle

57
Q

when a criminal came in contact with another object or person, a cross-transfer of evidence occured, primarily of hairs and fibers

A

exchange principle

58
Q

expanded upon the discovery that blood can be grouped into 4 different categories: A,B,AB and O.

A

Leon Lattes- professor of medicine in Turin, Italy.

59
Q

who devised a procedure for determining the blood group from dried bloodstains and applied this tech to criminal investigations

A

Leon Lattes

60
Q

Who’s determination of whether a fired bullet originating from suspects weapon required a comparison with a bullet that had been fired and retrieved from suspects gun

A

Calvin Goddard-

61
Q

Goddard refined the tech for making these determinations by using ____

A

a comparison microscope

62
Q

1985, discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at Leicester Univ, England.

A

Alec Jeffreys

63
Q

DNA discovery gave the scientific community a meand to link biological evidence such as

A

blood, semen, hair, and tissue to a single indiv.

64
Q

According to the US Dept of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, there are over ___police Depts and over ___sheriffs depts in US

A

12,600 pd

3000 sheriff

65
Q

Police dept and sheriff dept employ over ___ sworn officers

A

600,000

66
Q

Vast majority of officers, ____are employed by city police dept

A

73 percent

67
Q

Oldest federal law enforcement agency, created in 1789

A

Marshal’s Service- OK Corral in Tombstone,Ar 1881

Marshals guarded first African American student at Ole Miss in 1962

68
Q

Roots back to 1830, Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations

A

Postal Inspection Service-1880 the title of special agent was changed by Congress to post office inspector. 1954 changed to Postal Inspector
1984, the service was given responsibility of investigating the use of mail to distribute child porn.
They were a key component of multi-agency task force with investigating the Unabomber case

69
Q

created in 1865 to suppress counterfeiting of US currency.

A

Secret Service-1902 responsible for protecting President following the assissination of Pres McKinley. They protect vice pres, major pres candidates, pres immediate family, former pres

70
Q

1902 congress passed legislation making federal crimes on use of fraudelent credit cards and debit.
Who investigates these crimes

A

Secret Service investigates these crime and others; federal-interest computer fraud, fraudulent identification documents such as passports.

71
Q

patriot act in 2001

A

nationwide electronic crimes taskforce to detect and suppress computer-based crimes. Secret Service investigate these.

72
Q

Since 2003, Secret Service has been under the ____

A

Dept of Homeland Security. since the reorganization, the agency as made over 29,000 arrests, seized over $295 millon in couterfeit currency and closed crimes cases where actual losses amounted to $3.7 billion

73
Q

created in 1908, they investigated crimes involving banking, bankruptcy, naturalization, anitrust, and land fraud.

A

FBI-

74
Q

First major expansion came in 1910 when FBI became responsible for the enforcment of the ___

A

Mann Act-prohibits transportation of women over state lines for immoral purposes.

75
Q

With the entry of WW 1, FBI acquired responsibility for the investigation and enforcement of ___

A

Espionage Act, Selective Service Act, Sabotage Act

76
Q

In 1924, who became the director of the FBI.

A

J. Edgar Hoover. remained director until his death in 1972.

77
Q

Facts about FBI

A

1932- the Bureau established it crime laboratory

1935- agency changed its name from the Bureau of Investigation to FBI.

78
Q

this agency is a tax-collecting, enforcement and regulatory arm of US Dept of Treasury

A

ATF-Bureua of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives.
ATF- one of youngest tax-collecting agencies,
1972- seperated from the IRS

79
Q

Traced it roots back 200 yrs when Congress first imposed a tax on imported spirits.

A

ATF
1863- Congress authorized hiring detectives to aid in prevention, detection and punishment of tax evaders.
1875- federal investigators broke up the “Whiskey Ring” an assoc of grain dealers, politicians, revenue agents who had defrauded the gov.

80
Q

ratification of the 18th Amend to Constitution in 1919

A

banned manufacture or sale of intoxicating liquors in this country. “T-men”, short for treasury men, involved in the enforcement, Eliot Ness. Ness brought down Chicago gangster Al Capone.

81
Q

1982 Congress passed the Anti-Arson Act

A

declaring that arson is a federal crime and gave ATF the responsibility for investigating those crimes.

82
Q

President Nixon through an executive order created this agencey

A

DEA- of its formation the agency had 1470 agents
and budget of 75 million.
Today, agency has over 5,000 agents and budget in excess of $2 billon.

83
Q

what agency has eighty-seven foreign offices in sixty-three countries around the world

A

DEA

Criminal Investigations (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions