crime - punishment

Question 1

reasons for punishing crime - whats reduction

Answer 1

preventing crime
deterrence - stops others comitting similar crime
rehabilitation - integration back into society
incapacitation - remove offenders capacity to reoffend

Question 2

reasons for punishing crime - whats retribution

Answer 2

dealing w crime committed - justice and revenge
offenders deserve punishment & society has right to revenge

Question 3

ao2 - norweigian prison population v american

Answer 3

655 ppl per 100,000 are incarcerated, whereas norway has 60 per 100,000 ppl

Question 4

how are norweigian prisons diff from american

Answer 4

norway focus on normality, humanity - freedom to leave cells, cook their own food. taking the person away from their family & community in itself is more of a punishment

Question 5

whats durkheims two types of punishment - traditional society

Answer 5

retributive justice - society is held together between similarities between ppl & when this is broke, punishment is severe n expressive e.g religion

Question 6

whats durkheims two types of punishment - modernity society

Answer 6

restitutive justice - society based on independence between individuals & if this is damaged, this need repairing & punishment is instrumental in restoring it e.g compensation

Question 7

what do marxists say the purpose of punishment is

Answer 7

punishment conducted to maintain social class system - prisons are apart of r.s.a to alienate w/c n prevent class consciousness n revolution

Question 8

purpose of punishment - whats the purpose of laws

Answer 8

installed to defend rulting elite property and those who act against it are punished severely

Question 9

what do marxists say the form of punishment is

Answer 9

reflects society’s economic base - type of economy mirrors an ‘apporpriate’ punishment
communism - eduring hard labour working for collective good
capitalist - restrict individual freedom and suffer economic hardship

Question 10

what are reoffending rates within one year

Answer 10

us - 36%
uk - 25.5%
norway - 20%

Question 11

whats the prison pop per capita

Answer 11

159 per 100,000
highest in western europe

Question 12

whats avg cost of a prisoner

Answer 12

£46,700

Question 13

what are the demographics of prison pop

Answer 13

black prison population over-represented (12.4%) compared to population (4%)

Question 14

whats the obsession w mass incarceration

Answer 14

garland - us has 2.2m prisoners, 5m under supervision
no longer about individuals but imprisoning groups of ppl e.g young black males

Question 15

whats transcreation

Answer 15

where you’re transferred from social control agencies to other ones - cycle of control
e.g foster care, young offenders, adult prison

Question 16

what are alternatives to prison

Answer 16

diversion programmes, community service, non custodial sentences
cohen - this enables the whole community to have a ‘net of control’ cast over them