crime - crime prevention Flashcards
rr- whats situational crime prevention
clarke - not improving society or its insititutions but reducing oppurtunities for crime (specific crimes targeted, alterning environment, incr efforts and reduce risks)
what are right realism S C Ps
target hardening, designing out crime, rational choice theory
rr- whats an example of situational crime prevention
felson - re-designing port authority bus terminal saw a reduction in deviant oppurtunity
rr - whats an issue with S C P
chaiken - crackdown in ny subways simply moved criminals elsewhere (displacement)
rr- whats spatial displacement
moving elsewhere to commit the crime - house to house/city to city
rr- whats temporal displacement
committing it at a diff time e.g at night
rr- whats target displacement
choosing a diff victim e.g the elderly, the vulnerable
rr- whats tactical displacement
using a diff method e.g impersonation
rr- what was S C P more successful for
60s- suicide by gassing accounted for half of suicides but the move from toxic gas to natural gas resulted in a decline, and by 97 had fallen to 0. also saw a decline in suicide overall showing this didnt lead to displacement
what are positive evaluations for right realism crime prevention
solves oppurtunistic & pre-emptive crime
makes the criminal have personal responsibility
what are negative evaluations for right realism crime prevention
ignores root cause of crime e.g poverty and ignores white collar & state crime
rr- what are right realist environmental crime preventions
broken window thesis, absence of formal and informal social control (solution, zero tolerance policy)
rr- whats an example of E C P irl
kelling - clean car program in NY, subway cars subjected to graffiti (broken window thesis) so ordered to be cleaned every 2 hours. resulted in decline in drug dealing, fare dodging and begging
rr- whats a problem with 0 tolerance policy
if you implemented it onto certain places, it could lead to deviance amplification spiral
rr- what are evaluations of E C P
good - prevents escalation
bad - displacement, deals with symptom not cause
what are some root causes of crime due to conditions
poverty, unemployment, poor housing
what are left realism solutions to crime - sense of community
community programmes - perry pre-school program
intervention projects - troubled families program
lr- whats the perry preschool program
targeted a small sample of 3-4 year-old black children who participated in an intellectual enrichment programme & compared to a control group not in the program
lr- what was the result of the perry preschool program
longitudinal study - 40 years later, the group who engaged with the programme were more successful in life than the control group e.g more likely to graduate, not be in prison & be in stable employment
lr - whats the troubled families program
launched by david cameron in 2011, intended to change the repeating generational patterns of poor parenting, abuse, violence, drug use, anti-social behaviour and crime in the most troubled families in the UK. gov invested £4k per family over 3 years, and each family had an assigned family worker
whats an evaluation of the troubled families program
most of the people targeted were not involved in crime or anti-social behaviour, most were poor, unemployed and with very high levels of mental / physical illnesses and disabilities in adults and children which resulted in high state support costs
what are lr solutions to crime - sense of community & police
police accountability & police relations - if this relationship breaks down, the flow of information from the victims of crime will dry up
lr- what does bad relationships w police lead to
If police dont have the information they need from the public, they have to find new ways of solving crime, and theres a drift towards military policing (tactics such as stopping and searching or using surveillance) they then alienate people in the community and make everyone feel like criminals, and as a result trust in the police declines further
lr - what should the police therefore do to reduce crime
the police must concentrate on improving relationships with the community and the public should have more say – police should listen to the public about what crime affects them most in their area
what are positive evals of lr solutions
focuses on wider social issues & wants to tackle them
what are negative evals of lr solutions
expensive & ignores white collar and corporate crimes
