crime - crime prevention

Question 1

rr- whats situational crime prevention

Answer 1

clarke - not improving society or its insititutions but reducing oppurtunities for crime (specific crimes targeted, alterning environment, incr efforts and reduce risks)

Question 2

what are right realism S C Ps

Answer 2

target hardening, designing out crime, rational choice theory

Question 3

rr- whats an example of situational crime prevention

Answer 3

felson - re-designing port authority bus terminal saw a reduction in deviant oppurtunity

Question 4

rr - whats an issue with S C P

Answer 4

chaiken - crackdown in ny subways simply moved criminals elsewhere (displacement)

Question 5

rr- whats spatial displacement

Answer 5

moving elsewhere to commit the crime - house to house/city to city

Question 6

rr- whats temporal displacement

Answer 6

committing it at a diff time e.g at night

Question 7

rr- whats target displacement

Answer 7

choosing a diff victim e.g the elderly, the vulnerable

Question 8

rr- whats tactical displacement

Answer 8

using a diff method e.g impersonation

Question 9

rr- what was S C P more successful for

Answer 9

60s- suicide by gassing accounted for half of suicides but the move from toxic gas to natural gas resulted in a decline, and by 97 had fallen to 0. also saw a decline in suicide overall showing this didnt lead to displacement

Question 10

what are positive evaluations for right realism crime prevention

Answer 10

solves oppurtunistic & pre-emptive crime
makes the criminal have personal responsibility

Question 11

what are negative evaluations for right realism crime prevention

Answer 11

ignores root cause of crime e.g poverty and ignores white collar & state crime

Question 12

rr- what are right realist environmental crime preventions

Answer 12

broken window thesis, absence of formal and informal social control (solution, zero tolerance policy)

Question 13

rr- whats an example of E C P irl

Answer 13

kelling - clean car program in NY, subway cars subjected to graffiti (broken window thesis) so ordered to be cleaned every 2 hours. resulted in decline in drug dealing, fare dodging and begging

Question 14

rr- whats a problem with 0 tolerance policy

Answer 14

if you implemented it onto certain places, it could lead to deviance amplification spiral

Question 15

rr- what are evaluations of E C P

Answer 15

good - prevents escalation
bad - displacement, deals with symptom not cause

Question 16

what are some root causes of crime due to conditions

Answer 16

poverty, unemployment, poor housing

Question 17

what are left realism solutions to crime - sense of community

Answer 17

community programmes - perry pre-school program
intervention projects - troubled families program

Question 18

lr- whats the perry preschool program

Answer 18

targeted a small sample of 3-4 year-old black children who participated in an intellectual enrichment programme & compared to a control group not in the program

Question 19

lr- what was the result of the perry preschool program

Answer 19

longitudinal study - 40 years later, the group who engaged with the programme were more successful in life than the control group e.g more likely to graduate, not be in prison & be in stable employment

Question 20

lr - whats the troubled families program

Answer 20

launched by david cameron in 2011, intended to change the repeating generational patterns of poor parenting, abuse, violence, drug use, anti-social behaviour and crime in the most troubled families in the UK. gov invested £4k per family over 3 years, and each family had an assigned family worker

Question 21

whats an evaluation of the troubled families program

Answer 21

most of the people targeted were not involved in crime or anti-social behaviour, most were poor, unemployed and with very high levels of mental / physical illnesses and disabilities in adults and children which resulted in high state support costs

Question 22

what are lr solutions to crime - sense of community & police

Answer 22

police accountability & police relations - if this relationship breaks down, the flow of information from the victims of crime will dry up

Question 23

lr- what does bad relationships w police lead to

Answer 23

If police dont have the information they need from the public, they have to find new ways of solving crime, and theres a drift towards military policing (tactics such as stopping and searching or using surveillance) they then alienate people in the community and make everyone feel like criminals, and as a result trust in the police declines further

Question 24

lr - what should the police therefore do to reduce crime

Answer 24

the police must concentrate on improving relationships with the community and the public should have more say – police should listen to the public about what crime affects them most in their area

Question 25

what are positive evals of lr solutions

Answer 25

focuses on wider social issues & wants to tackle them

Question 26

what are negative evals of lr solutions

Answer 26

expensive & ignores white collar and corporate crimes