Crime & Punishment Flashcards
detention
e.g. Arbitrary arrests and detention without trial were common in the past.
the arrest or imprisonment of someone
incarceration/confinement
= detention
forfeiture
e.g. Because of gambling, he was deep in debt and facing the forfeiture of his property
the loss of property as a penalty for wrongdoing
seizure/confiscation/taking away
= forfeiture
forensic
e.g. Forensic experts have been searching the area for clues about the murderer.
related to scientific methods of solving crimes
judicial/magisterial/scientific
= forensic
suspect
e.g. The police were able to obtain a set of fingerprints from the suspect.
to think or believe that someone is guilty
offender/perpetrator/lawbreaker
= suspect
probation
e.g. He was found quilty of manslaughter and put on probation for 2 years.
a period of supervision over an offender
evaluation/appraisal/ assessment
= probation
plaintiff
a person who make a legal complaint against sb in the court
petitioner/appellant/prosecutor
= plaintiff
verdict
e.g. The lawyer suspected that the judge was bribed to arrive at a quilty verdict.
an official judgement made in court
resolution/punishment
= verdict
hearsay
e.g. The judgement of the copyright violation was based on hearsay rather than evidence
information, that is not sunstantiated, rumor
invalid/groundless
= hearsay
espionage
e.g. Espionage is a secret way if finding out what your enemy doesn`t want you to know.
secretly collection and reporting inf
assassination
e.g. The president travels with security so that no one can assassinate him from the crowd.
the murder of someone famous or important person.
delinquency
e.g. The research crearly demonstrates the link between juvenile delinquency and child abuse.
crimes, mostly commited by young people
defendant
e.g. The defendant hired an experienced lawyer to defend against plantiff`s accusations.
a person who is being sued or accused
deterrence
e.g. Many experrs argue that detterence is no longer the best way to prevent serious crimes.
preventing people from criminal behaviour
apprehend/detain
= arrest
incarcerate
e.g. Repeat offenders should be incarcerated for the protection of society.
put in prison
capital punishment
e.g. No society that calls itself “advanced” should practise capital punishment.
death penalty
manslaughter
the crime of killing a person when the killer did not intend to do it or cannot be responsible for his or her actions
white collar crime
crome connected with a work
embezzlement
e.g. They were arrested for embezzlement of company funds.
the crime of secretly taking money that is in your care or that belongs to an organization or business you work for
tax evasion
when ypu not pay taxes
tax evader
bribery (to bribe)
to give money illegaly
extortion
e.g. He was found guilty of obtaining the money by extortion.
when you take money forcefully or through threat
misdemeanors
small crimes
trespassing
entering without permission
abduction
e.g. Armed robbery and abduction have benn on the rise countrywide.
to take someobe away by force
blue collar crimes
e.g. White-collar crime is just as reprehensible as blue-collar crime and must be punished accordingly
crimes commited by an individual from a lower class
conspiracy
e.g. He was charged with conspirancy to commit criminal damage
secret plan to do sth unlawful
coercion
e.g. They cast their votes freely and without coercion on election day
to persuade someone forcefully
data breaches
e.g. Some major companies have been hacked and have had data breaches.
information is taken unlawfully
forgery
e.g. Expertd are dismissing claims that the painting is forgery,
an illegal copy of a document or painting
felony
e.g. Mike is preparing his defense against felony chatges of armed robbery and assault.
a serious crime such as armed robbery
hate crimes
e.g. Hate crimes will not be tolerated and will not go unpunished.
crime is done by someone who hates a group
hit and run
e.g. The pickup driver pleaded quilty to hit and run and manslaughter.
not stopping after an accident
homicide
e.g. The number of homicides in the city has risen sharply.
the killing of one person by another
libel
e.g. She threatened to sue the magazine for libel.
false statements for damaging a person`s reputation
looting
e.g. There were reports of widespread looting as hooligans stampeded through the city centre.
Synonyms
stealing from shops during a violent event
mugging
e.g. Police are concerned that mugging is on the increase.
an act of attacking someone and stealing their money
money laundering
e.g. Some transcations have repotedly involved money laundering.
process of conceiling the origin of money
mutilation
e.g. He admitted to the murder and mutilation of 16 young men.
damaging sth severily
perjury
e.g. This witness has commited perjury and no reliance can be placed on her evidence.
the crime of telling lies in court when you have promised to tell the truth
polygamy
e.g. Abuse and coercion are only the most onvious dangers of polygamy.
a practice of marrying multiple spouces
pilfering
e.g. The farmer caught the children pilfering apples from his orchard.
sreal things of small value
racketeering
e.g. One of the government`s liasons with raketeering is partially documented.
making money through dishonest activities
road rage
e.g. The governors immigration policy vauses road rage in New York.
angre behaviour exhibited by motorists
riot
e.g. Food protests and riots have erupted in more than 30 countries.
noisy and violent public gathering
slander
e.g. They were found guilty of slander against his employer.
a false spoken statement about someone that damages their reputation, or the making of such a statementa malicious statement harming one`s reputation
sabotage
e.g. The terrorists were planning acts of sabotage to destabilize the nation.
destroying or damaging sth deliberately
treason
e.g. Lots of Ukrainians from the East have commited a treason towards Ukraine.
the action of betraying sth or sb
treachery
e.g. Selling military secrets is an unforgivable act of treachery.
behaviour in which someone is not loyal
usury
e.g. Some Georgia lawmakers have been trying and failing for more than two decades to put title lenders under state banking regulation and usury laws.
lending money ad a high-interest rates
go off the rails
e.g. He went off the rails in his first year at university. She went completely off the rails after her sister died.
to start behaving in a way that is not generally acceptable, especially dishonestly or illegally.
indict: / ɪnˈdaɪt/
e.g. The senator was indicted for murder.She was indicted on charges of corruption.
to officially charge somebody with a crime
count
e.g. They were found guilty on all counts. She appeared in court on three counts of fraud.
a crime that somebody is accused of committing
custody
e.g. . After the riot, 32 people were taken into police custody. The police arrested him and took him into custody. He was remanded in custody, charged with the murder of a policeman.
he state of being in prison, especially while waiting for trial.
remand somebody (+ adv./prep.)
e.g. The two men were charged with burglary and remanded in custody (= sent to prison until their trial.
to send somebody away from a court to wait for their trial which will take place at a later date
grant bail
e.g. It was claimed the suspect might flee if he was granted bail.
to allow an accused person to be released until their trial after they pay bail
be released/remanded on bail
e.g. She was remanded on bail
allowed to go free until the trial after leaving a sum of money with the court.
skip/jump bail
e.g. I can’t afford to skip bail-I’d lose half a million. We were sure he’d jump bail but he finally showed up.
to fail to appear in court to answer to a charge after being released on bail.
solicitor
a lawyer who prepares legal documents, for example for the sale of land or buildings, advises people on legal matters, and can speak for them in some courts of law.
stand/ be on/ go on/ come to/ bring somebody to trial
to be on trial
face/avoid/escape prosecution
the process of trying to prove in court that somebody is guilty of a crime
prosecutor
a public official who charges somebody officially with a crime and prosecutes them in court
hold/conduct/attend/adjourn a hearing
an official meeting at which the facts about a crime, complaint, etc. are presented to the person or group of people who will have to decide what action to take
sit/stand/appear/be put/place somebody in the dock
e.g. He’s been in the dock (= on trial for a crime) several times already.
the part of a court where the person who has been accused of a crime stands or sits during a trial
plead guilty/not guilty to a crime
to state in court that you are guilty or not guilty of a crime
be called to/enter (British English) the witness box
subpoena ( /səˈpiːnə/ ) a witness
somebody to attend court and give evidence as a witness.
raise/ overrule (reject) an objection
lodge an appeal
to make a formal statement about something to a public organization or authority
community service
work helping people in the local community that somebody does without being paid, either because they want to, or because they have been ordered to by a court as a punishment.
be/put somebody/spend X years on death row
the cells in a prison for prisoners who are waiting to be killed as punishment for a serious crime
be granted/be denied/break (your) parole
e.g. To be eligible for parole. She was released on parole.
permission that is given to a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their sentence on condition that they behave well.
battery
the crime of attacking somebody physically
heist
e.g. a bank heist. It’s a tense thriller about a diamond heist that goes badly wrong.
an act of stealing something valuable from a shop/store or bank
hold-up
e.g. a hold-up at the local supermarket
an act of stealing from a bank, etc. using a gun.
joyriding
the crime of stealing a car and driving it for pleasure, usually in a fast and dangerous way
abduct somebody
abductor/abductee/abduction
o take somebody away illegally, especially using force
copyright infringement
piracy
ponzi scheme
a plan for making money that involves encouraging people to invest by offering them a high rate of interest and using their money to pay earlier investors.
conman
a man who tricks others into giving him money, etc
con (confidence trick)
e.g. The so-called bargain was just a big con! He’s a real con artist (= a person who regularly cheats others).
a trick; an act of cheating somebody
swindler
a person who cheats somebody in order to get something, especially money, from them
misappropriation
e.g. He is accused of misappropriating money from the company’s pension fund.
he act of taking somebody else’s money or property for yourself, especially when they have trusted you to take care of it the misappropriation of funds
protection racket
an extortion scheme whereby a powerful organization, most often a criminal organization or gang, coerces individuals or businesses to pay protection money which allegedly serves to purchase the organization’s “protection” services against various external threats.
dox
e.g. I’ve been doxxed on a popular forum, by one of the moderators no less. The forum owner doesn’t care.
to publish personal details, home addresses and other information about people against their wishes, so they can be identified
indecent exposure
the crime of showing your sexual organs to other people in a public place
matricide
the crime of killing your mother; a person who is guilty of this crime
fratricide
the crime of killing your brother or sister; a person who is guilty of this crime
patricide
the crime of killing your father; a person who is guilty of this crime
deter
e.g. I told him I wasn’t interested, but he wasn’t deterred.The high price of the service could deter people from seeking advice.
to make somebody decide not to do something or continue doing something, especially by making them understand the difficulties and unpleasant results of their actions.
foil a bank raid/a terrorist plot.
to stop something from happening, especially something illegal; to prevent somebody from doing something.
stash
e.g. a stash of money
an amount of something that is kept secretly
culprit
e.g. The police quickly identified the real culprits.
a person who has done something wrong or against the law
assailant /əˈseɪlənt/
e.g. The alleged assailants appeared in court.
a person who attacks somebody, especially physically
crack something
e.g. After a year in this job I think I’ve got it cracked!
to find the solution to a problem
skulduggery /skʌlˈdʌɡəri/
e.g. a tale of skulduggery and dirty dealings
dishonest behaviour or activities
unveracious /vəˈreɪ.ʃəs/
e.g.
not tending to speak the truth
loiter
e.g. She saw Mary loitering near the cloakrooms.
stand or wait around without apparent purpose
linger
e.g. I lingered on in Atlanta for a few days, spending much of my time with an artist friend.
if you linger somewhere, you stay there for a longer time than is necessary, for example because you are enjoying yourself
delinquent /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/
e.g.an increase in juvenile delinquency. The boys drift into minor delinquencies while hanging around the streets.
a young person who shows a tendency to commit crimes
lenient: /ˈliːniənt/
e.g. The judge was far too lenient with him.
not as strict as expected when punishing somebody or when making sure that rules are obeyed
to rat on
to inform an authority about the wrong or illegal actions of others
to rat out
to inform an authority about the wrongdoings or crimes of others
warrant
an order issued by a judge that authorizes the police to take specific actions
plea
(law) a formal statement made by someone confirming or denying their accusation
pro bono
referring to a legal work that is done free of charge, often by a lawyer
outlaw
a person who operates outside the boundaries of established rules and may engage in illegal activities
magistrate
a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses
to condemn
to give a severe punishment to someone who has committed a major crime
to acquit
to officially decide and declare in a law court that someone is not guilty of a crime
