Crime and Punishment Topic 4 - Methods of combting crime Flashcards
Methods of combating crime in the Medieval period
- Tithingman raised the hue and cry
- Ten tithings were grouped into hundreds, the hundredman dealt with more serious crimes
- Sheriff was responsible for public order in his shire
- In 1326, JP’s were appointed to assist the sheriff
What continuity occurred between the medieval and early modern period
- Community policing with hue and cry
How did Justices of the Peace develop in early modern Britain
They became the supreme official in local community
How many Laws were JPs responsible for under Elizabeth I
300
Main role of JP in EMB
Administor justice as a magistrate
What were Quarter sessions
Where JPs met four times a year to handle murder and assault
Parish constables
- Law enforcement officer
- Held unpaid post for a year
- Supervised by JP
Town watchmen
- Town equivalent of parish constable
- Patrolled streets at night
How effective were town watchmen and parish constables
- Unpaid so unpopular and ineffective
- Provided reassuring presence
What force did Henry Fielding establish
The bow street runners
Who were the bow street runners
Force of six paid officers
Trained by Fielding to be efficient and reliable
Who replaced Henry fielding
John Fielding
What suggestions did John Fielding put to Parliament
Dividing London into 6 areas
Salaried MPs
Developments of Bow-street runners after fieldings deth
- By 1800 there were 68 bow street runners
Who was appointed Home Secretary in 1822 and what was their responsibility
Robert Peel with the role of maintaining law and order
What act set up a formal police force
1829 Metropolitan Police Act
What were the features of the police force
- 144 constables would work in each of Londons 17 divisions
- Covered an area of 7 miles
- I guinea wage a week
What were the features of the 1839 Metropolitan police act
- Covered a 15-mile radius from charing cross
- End of Bow-street runners
Growth of police after 1839
By 1900 there were 16000 officers in 21 divisions
Extension of the police force in the 19th century
- The county and borough police act (1856) made a police force compulsory in every county
- Development of specialist units e.g. detective branch
Development of police force in 20th century
Women officers first appeared in 1919 but by 1973 there were equal opportunities.
By 2019, 30% of officers were women
Development of transport in police in the 21st century
- Motor cars were introduced in 1919
- Helicopters and aircraft introduced in 1970s
Development of communication in police in the 21st century
- Police telephone boxes emerged in 1920s
- In 1937, the 999 emergency number introduced
- The police national computer holds over 25 million records of people
Development of specialized units in police in the 21st century
- Fingerprinting is used to identify at crime scenes
- Forensic science with DNA profiling
Development of community policing in the 21st century
1982 - Neighbourhood watch scheme made up of organized groups of local people
over 10 million members nationwide
