Crew Resource Management Flashcards
1
Q
What is CRM?
A
The effective utilisation of all available resources, including liveware, software, hardware and the environment to achieve efficient, comfortable and safe flight operations with good on the performance
2
Q
What are some key focus areas for CRM?
A
- Communication
- Situational Awareness
- Decision Making
- Leadership/ Followers-ship
- Stress management
- Critique
- Physiological management
3
Q
What is the first generation of CRM?
A
- Derived form classical management styles
- Focused on psychological concepts (interpersonal skills and personal attributes
- First initiated by United in 1981
4
Q
What is the second generation of CRM?
A
- Focus shifted to concepts such as situational awareness, stress management, chain of error, decision making models and team building
- Was very modular in nature, but shifted to more task orientated
5
Q
What is the third generation of CRM?
A
- Involves Dispatch, Cabin Crew, maintenance staff
- Beginnings of systems approach (specific skills and behaviours, extra training for check pilots)
- Focus on organisational and national culture issues, joint crew training, automation and fatigue
6
Q
What is the fourth generation of CRM?
A
- Beginning of integrated CRM and LOFT (Line orientated flight training) into training
- FAA mandated change to training to include CRM at the initial stage and throughout airline induction
7
Q
What is fifth generation CRM?
A
- Emphasis on embedded error in a broader context
- Trapping and mitigation of error rather than avoidance
- Development of T&EM
- Errors can be a valuable source of information
- Goals are clearly defined and endorsed by pilots, to create understanding of why things are done a certain way
8
Q
What are Hofsted’s 4 cornerstone of national culture?
A
Power Distance
Uncertainty avoidance
Individualism/collectivism
Masculinity/ Femininity
9
Q
What cultures create an environment where challenge-response checklists can fail?
A
Ones with a high power differential
