Cremation Terminology Flashcards
Chamber within a cremator where unburned combustible materials from the primary chamber are conveyed to facilitate additional combustion
Afterburner (Secondary Burner)
Chamber where unburned combustible material from the primary chamber is completely burned
Afterchamber
To break into tiny bits, or into a fine liquid mist or spray
Atomize
Any refractory construction intended to change the direction of flow or velocity of the products of combustion
Baffle
Provides excess air for combustion, maintains a negative draft through the interior chambers and cools exhaust gases before they exit the stack
Blower
British Thermal Unit
BTU
The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at or near the maximum density
BTU
A device for the introduction of a flame by delivering fuel and it combustion air at desired velocities and turbulence to establish and maintain proper ignition and combustion of the fuel
Burner
Types of this include After_______, Primary, and Seconday
Burner
The heating process of reducing the body, wrapping and/or the container to their basic elements in the form of cremated remains through combustion
Calcination
A vertical (stack) or horizontal (Flue) passage for conducting products of combustion to the atmosphere
Chimney
Vertical Chimney
Stack
Horizontal Chimney
Flue
A chemical reaction that results from mixing fuel and oxygen in the presence of an ignition source and releases light and heat
Combustion
The process of reducing the body to ash and bone fragments through flame, heat, and vaporization
Cremation
The case/container in which the human body is delivered to the crematory and in which it is cremated
Cremation Container
Must be composed of a suitable material, rigid enough for handling ease, assure protection of the health, provide proper covering for the remains, and meet moral codes for respect and dignity
Cremation Container
The total mechanical unity for the cremation process
Cremator
This type incinerator is designed for cremating human and animal remains
Type IV
Chambers or gas passage placed between two chambers to carry the products of combustion in a downward direction
Downpass
The pressure difference between the cremator or any component part and the atmosphere which causes a continuous flow or air and products of combustion through he gas passages of the cremator to the atmosphere
Draft
The pressure difference created by the action of a fan, blower, or ejector, which supplies the primary combustion air above atmospheric pressure
Forced Draft
The pressure difference created by the action of a fan, blower or ejector, which is located between the incinerator and the stack, or at the stack exit
Induced Draft
The pressure difference created by stack or chimney due to its height, and the temperature difference between the flue gases and the atmosphere
Natural Draft
Dampers, linkages, etc used to regulate air flow
Draft Controls
Combustion products such as smoke, soot, sulfur dioxide, etc
Emissions
United States Environmental Protections Agency
EPA
Any chamber designed to reduce the velocity of the products of combustion to promote the settling of fly ash from the gas stream
Expansion or Settling Chamber
Sensor which detects or monitors proper ignition bases on the presence of ultraviolet rays from the flames
Flame Scanner
A horizontal passage for conducting products of combustion into the atmosphere
Flue
All gases which leave the cremator by way of the flue, including gaseous products of combustion, water vapor, excess air, and nitrogen
Flue Gas
Suspended ash particles, charred paper, dust, soot, or other partially incinerated matter, carried in the products of combustion
Fly Ash
A solid surface which the human remains and container are placed for the cremation process
Hearth
Hearth on which drying or combustion results from the action of hot combustion gases passing only over the top surface of the hearth
Cold Hearth
Hearth on which drying or combustion results from the action of hot combustion gases passing over both the top and bottom of the hearth
Hot Hearth
Excess air injected along the sides of the primary combustion chamber to assist the combustion process and allow the primary chamber to cool following the cremation process
Hearth Air
Hearth air is usually used during this part of the cremation
Second Half
Chamber usually placed between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber where thorough mixing of the products of combustion is accomplished by turbulence created by increased velocities of gases, checker work, and/or turns in direction of the gas flow
Mixing Chamber
The degree to which a substance allows light to pass through
Opacity
Small pieces of liquids or solids that include dust, fumes, smoke, mists or sprays, charred paper, soot or other partially incinerated matter
Particulates/Particulate Matter
Sensor that provides the presence of flame
Photo Cell
A smaller gas burner used to light the main burner
Pilot
Chemical compounds that present human health and environmental concerns
Pollutants
A system on some cremators that monitors the visibility through flue gases as they enter the stack
Pollution Control System
Detects the presence of smoke and is designed to allow the operator to correct the operating conditions
Pollution Control System
Chamber within a cremator where primary ignition and burning of the remains occurs
Primary Combustion Chamber
Pounds per square inch
PSI
The process of reducing the size of the cremated remains after cremation
Pulverize
Special high temperature lining for the combustion chambers
Refractory
A device in the stack which responds to the detection of smoke by setting of an alarm and/or taking some type of corrective action
Smoke Alarm
A vertical passage for conducting products of combustion to the atmosphere
Stack
Test conducted by federal, state, or local regulatory agency to measure pollutants released into the atmosphere from a crematory, in amounts that exceed regulatory requirements
Source Test
Air introduced into the afterchamber for emission control,
Throat air
Throat air is introduced usually when?
During the first half of the cremation
