Cranial nerves I-V Flashcards
Olfactory nerve I
It only has special sensory for *olfaction.
The axons from the olfactory track travel to multiple cortical regions including the __________.
medial temporal lobe
Olfactory nerve is located in the _________.
cerebrum
Optic nerve (II)
Has special sensory: vision
What houses the optic chiasm?
*sulcus chiasmatis
The optic nerve carries sensory information from the neural retina to the _________ and ___________.
*diencephalon (lateral geniculate body) and
*midbrain (midbrain nuclei)
The ________ is the anatomical site where the axons arising from the nasal (medial) half of the retina cross the midline to the contralateral side.
*Temporal retina axons stay ipsilateral.
optic chiasm
After the optic chiasm, the same axons coming from the optic nerve are now called ___________.
optic tract
The oculomotor nerve (III) enter the ocular cavity via the _________.
superior orbital fissure
Oculomotor nerve (III)
Comes from the *midbrain
Has two branches: 1) superior ramus 2) inferior ramus
- It gets its sensory axons from communicating with the _____1_____ nerve in the superior orbital fissue.
- It gets its postganglionic sympathetic axons from communicating with the ____2______ nerve in the cavernous sinus.
- It has its motor axons from its oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain.
- The Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain provides the preganglionic parasympathethic axons.
1-ophthalmic nerve
2-internal carotid plexus
Superior ramus of oculomotor nerve
Sensory (communication from the ophthalmic nerve in the superior orbital fissure), postglanglionic sympathetic (from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus) and motor (lmn) innervation (from oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain) to the _______ and _______ muscles.
***No preganglionic parasympathetic at the level of the superior ramus**
superior rectus; levator palpebrae superioris
Grant-794
Inferior ramus of oculomotor nerve
Sensory (from the ophthalmic nerve in the superior orbital fissure), postglanglionic sympathetic (from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus) and motor (lmn) innervation (from oculomotor nucleus of the midbrain) to the _______ and _______ and _________ muscles.
inferior oblique, medial rectus, and inferior rectus
pg. 795
Oculomotor nerve (III)
The Edinger-Westphal nucleus in the midbrain gives the ___________ axons that travel with the inferior ramus and then to the ciliary ganglion, from here the postganglionic parasympathetic axons travel with the short ciliary nerve (branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve) to innervate the *ciliary body (ciliary smooth muscle) and ____________.
preganglionic parasympathetic; (pupillary) constrictor muscle of the iris
During the accomodation reflex, the lens ________ due to parasympathetic innervation. Also, parasympathetic innervation constrict the pupil by acting on the pupillary constrictor fibers.
thicken
Parasympathetic communication to the ciliary ganglion
Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation (axons coming from EWN) get to the ciliary ganglion (consisting of postganglionic parasympathetic bodies) then the postganglionic parasympathetic axons travel with the ____1_____ nerve, and innervate the _____2____ and _____3_____ muscle of the iris.
1- short ciliary nerve
2- ciliary body (for accomodation reflex)
3- constrictor (pupillary)
The short ciliary nerve is a branch of the _______ division of the trigeminal nerve.
ophthalmic
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Comes from dorsal midbrain
Traverses the superior orbital fissure to enter ocular cavity
- It gets its sensory axons from communicating with the _____1_____ nerve in the superior orbital fissue.
- It gets its postganglionic sympathetic axons from communicating with the ____2______ nerve in the cavernous sinus.
- It has its motor axons from its trochlear nucleus in the midbrain.
1-ophthalmic nerve
2- internal carotid plexus
superior oblique muscle
Trochlear nerve (IV)
Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic, and motor (lmn) innervation (from trochlear nucleus in the midbrain) to the ______ muscle.
Superior oblique
Trigeminal nerve (V)
Major sensory nerve of the head
Has 3 branches:
1-Ophthalmic
2-Mandibular
3- Maxillary
Trigeminal nerve comes from the _______
pons
The trigeminal ganglion is located outside of the pons.
Ophthalmic nerve
General sensory (naturally)
-No *motor axons run with it.
Postganglionic sympathetic axons from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus.
Ophthalmic nerve
Sensory, postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin (__1____, ____1_, ___1____), ___2_____, mucosa (nasal cavity), and **extraocular muscles.
1-forehead, upper lid, nose
2-Cornea
The ophthalmic nerve (of the trigeminal nerve) comes to the ocular cavity through the ________ .
superior orbital fissure
Lacrimal nerve (of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve)
-Shortest
F- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the _____1_____ and the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the ____2_____, and forehead.
PLUS **postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the ____1______ [communication from the *pterygopalatine ganglion via the zygomatic nerve, of the maxillary nerve.)
1- lacrimal gland
2- upper lid
Frontal nerve
-largest
Has 2 branches
1-Supraorbital nerve
2-Supratrochlear nerve
Supraorbital nerve (branch of frontal nerve)
Exits through *Supraorbital foramen
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the skin overlying the ____1____ & _________ of *frontal sinus
1- forehead
2-mucosa
Supratrochlear nerve (branch of the frontal nerve)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] of the skin overlying the **medial aspect of the_________.
forehead
Nasociliary nerve
Branches into 5 :
1-Anterior ethmoidal nerve
2-Posterior ethmoidal nerve
3- Long ciliary nerve
4-Short ciliary nerve
5-***Infratrochlear nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
*Exists through the anterior ethmoidal foramen
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the mucosa of the frontal and _________ sinuses, the mucosa of the superior aspect of the ________ cavity, the skin overlying the nose*
ethmoidal; nasal
The anterior ethmoidal nerve after it exits the anterior ethmoidal foramen it gives a branch that goes through the ________ to further divide into the external and internal nasal nerves.
cribiform plate
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
*Exits thorugh the posterior ethmoidal foramen
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the mucosa of the ________ and ethmoidal sinuses and superior nasal cavity
sphenoidal
Long ciliary nerve
sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the _______, and **postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the _______ muscle of the iris.
eye; dilator
Short ciliary nerve
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the eye, and
**this one has both postganglionic sympathetic & *postganglionic parasympathetic [axons arise from the ciliary ganglion] innervation of the dilator [___1_____] and constrictor [____2___] muscles of the iris.
1- sympathetic
2-parasympathetic
Infratrochlear nerve
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus] innervation of the skin overlying the_______ of the nose.
*bridge
Maxillary nerve
Enters through: *foramen rotundum
- Sensory axons (naturally)
- Postganglionic sympathetic axons from communication from both the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus & n. of pterygoid canal.
-Postganglionic parasympathetic axons for the pterygopalatine nervescome from the pterygopalatine ganglion in the *pterygopalatine fossa.
Maxillary nerve
Sensory, & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from both the internal carotid plexus in the cavernous sinus & n. of pterygoid canal] innervation of skin (__1__), mucosa (nasal cavity, oral cavity & ___2_____) & dental pulp (upper teeth).
1-*Lower lid, nose, *upper lip, cheek and *cheekbone
2- pharynx
The pterygopalatine ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa gives off the postganglionic parasympathetic axons, that are carried by the pterygopalatine nerves (of the _______nerve)
maxillary
Pterygopalatine nerves (arising from pterygopalatine ganglion in pterygopalatine fossa)
Pharyngeal nerve
exits through: *palatovaginal canal
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic [communication from *nerve of the pterygoid canal] &postganglionic parasympathetic[axons arise frompterygopalatine ganglion]innervation of the mucosa of thenasal pharynx & ___________.
auditory tube
Pterygopalatine nerves (arising from pterygopalatine ganglion)
Lateral posterior superior nasal nerve
exits through: sphenopalatine foramen
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic (from nerve of the * pterygoid canal) & postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the mucosa of the _______ wall of the nasal cavity
*lateral
Medial (septal) posterior superior nasal nerve (including nasopalatine)
exits through: sphenopalatine foramen
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the mucosa of the *nasal septum and __________ and *associated gingiva (nasopalatine n.)
*anterior hard palate
Pterygopalatine nerves (from pterygopalatine ganglion)
Greater palatine nerve
exits through: *greater palatine foramen
function- sensory, *taste [greater petrosal], postganglionic sympathetic [communication from nerve of the pterygoid canal] & postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity (________), hard palate and associated gingiva.
*inferior concha
Pterygopalatine nerves (from pterygopalatine ganglion)
Lesser palatine nerve
exits through: lesser palatine foramen
function- sensory, *taste [from **greater petrosal], postganglionic sympathetic & postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the mucosa (both oral/anterior and pharyngeal/posterior surfaces) of the _______ palate
*SOFT
Zygomatic nerve
exits through: infra-orbital fissure
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the *external carotid plexus) innervation of the skin overlying the ________, and *postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the ***lacrimal gland [communicates with the lacrimal n.]
zygomatic arch
Posterior superior alveolar nerve
exits through: pterygomaxillary fissure
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the external carotid plexus] innervation of the *upper molars.
-sensory,postganglionic sympathetic[communication from theexternal carotid plexus]&postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of mucosa of ________ and buccal gingiva.
maxillary sinus
Infraorbital nerve
goes throught: infraorbital groove exits infraorbital foramen
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the external carotid plexus] innervation of the skin of the upper lip, cheek, *lateral nose and *lower lid;
*sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of mucosa of the _________, labial gingival and maxillary sinus.
upper lip
The Infraorbital nerve has two branches:
1) Middle superior alveolar branch
2) Anterior superior alveolar branch
Middle superior alveolar nerve
function- sensory** & **postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the external carotid plexus] innervation of the _________ and
sensory, postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the external carotid plexus] & postganglionic parasympathetic innervation of maxillary sinus.
upper pre-molars
Anterior superior alveolar nerve
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic [communication from the external carotid plexus] innervation of the ________ and ______ and
sensory**, **postganglionic sympathetic** [communication from the external carotid plexus] & **postganglionic parasympathetic maxillary sinus
upper canines; incisors
Mandibular nerve
main entrance: *foramen ovale
Sensory (skin [lower lip, chin, cheek, ___1_ & ____2__\_], mucosa [oral cavity] & *muscles of mastication), motor axons from trigeminal ganglion nucleus in the pons, & postganglionic sympathetic axons from communication from the external carotid plexus via *_______\_.]
The postganglionic parasympathetic axons arrive from th otic gangion for some nerves (auriculotemporal). But for others it comes from the submandibular ganglion (lingual nerve)
The preganglionic parasympathetic axons come from the chorda tympani for the lingual nerve.
1-ear
2- temple
3- maxillary artery
Meningeal branch (of mandibular nerve)
goes through: *foramen spinosum
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the __________
cranial dura matter
Muscular branches
Nerve to the medial pterygoid
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the _________, ___________ and *tensor tympani muscles
medial pterygoid; *tensor palatini
Muscular branches
Masseteric nerve
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation of the __________
masseter muscle
muscular branches
Deep temporal nerve
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor innervation of the _________ muscle
temporalis
muscular branches
Nerve to lateral pterygoid
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic ]& motor innervation of the_________ muscle
lateral pterygoid
sensory branches (other than to mylohyoid)
Buccal branch (long buccal nerve)
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the *buccal skin and *buccal mucosa and ________
****** No motor innervation
gingiva
sensory nerve
Auriculotemporal nerve
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the _____, _________ and skin anterior to the ear.
sensory**, **postganglionic sympathetic** & **postganglionic parasympathetic [axons arise from the otic ganglion] innervation of the _________
*TMJ; external auditory canal
*parotid gland
sensory branches
Lingual nerve
- function-1* sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the mucosa overlying the _____________, the floor of the oral cavity and the adjacent gingiva,
- function 2*- **taste innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue [communication from the **chorda tympani n,]
*anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
sensory branches
Lingual nerve (second part)
function 3- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and preganglionic parasympathetic [communication from the chorda tympani n.] innervation of the lingual, sublingual and ________ glands [by way of the submandibular ganglion, some of the postganglionic parasympathetic axons *rejoin the lingual nerve branches prior to innervating sublingual gland and minor lingual glands]
submandibular
sensory branches
Inferior alveolar nerve
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the ________ and their adjacent buccal and labial gingiva. **No motor
2 branches
1- Mental nerve
2- Nerve to mylohyoid
*lower teeth
Mental nerve
exits through: mental foramen
function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the ____ and _____, and labial mucosa and gingiva
chin; lower lip
Nerve to mylohyoid
function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic ]& motor innervation of the________ and _______ muscles.
mylohyoid; anterior digastric
