Anterolateral neck muscles

Question 1

Anterior digastric

attachments- from the digastric fossa of the mandible to the intermediate tendon (lesser cornu of hyoid)

function- *depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid

innervation- mylohyoid branch of the inferior alveolar n.

blood supply- submental branch of facial a.

Answer 1

Question 2

Posterior digastric

attachments- from the temporal mastoid notch to the intermediate tendon (lesser cornu of hyoid)

function- *depression of the mandible or elevation of the hyoid

innervation- *facial n.

blood supply- occipital & posterior auricular a.

Answer 2

Question 3

Geniohyoid

Answer 3

attachments- from the inferior genial tubercle of the mandible to the anterior aspect of the body of the hyoid

function- *elevation & *anterior displacement of the hyoid, or depression of the mandible with a fixed hyoid

innervation- ventral ramus of C1 (via the hypoglossal n.)

blood supply- sublingual a.

Question 4

Longus capitis

Answer 4

attachments- from the *anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to the *basilar occipital bone

function- flexion of the head & neck

innervation- ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply- vertebral, ascending cervical, ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.

Question 5

Longus colli

Answer 5

attachments- from cervical vertebral bodies & anterior tubercle of atlas to cervical vertebral bodies & *transverse processes

function- flexion of the neck

innervation- ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply- vertebral, ascending pharyngeal & inferior thyroid a.

Question 6

Mylohyoid

Answer 6

attachments- from the mylohyoid line of the mandible to the midline raphe & anterior aspect of body of the hyoid

function- *elevation of the floor of the oral cavity

innervation- *mylohyoid branch of the (inferior alveolar n.)

blood supply- submental branch of facial & sublingual branch of lingual a.

Question 7

Omohyoid

Answer 7

attachments- from the superior border of the scapula medial to the scapular notch to the lateral aspect of the hyoid passing through an *intermediate tendon sling loosely associated with the *clavicle & 1st rib

function- *depression of the hyoid

innervation- ansa cervicalis (superior belly – C1, inferior belly – *C2 & C3)

blood supply- superior thyroid, suprascapular & lingual a.

Question 8

Anterior scalene

Answer 8

attachments- from the transverse processes (anterior tubercles) of middle cervical vertebrae to the scalene tubercle of the 1st rib

function- elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & flexion & rotation of the neck

innervation- ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply- ascending cervical, suprascapular & trasverse cervical a.

Question 9

Middle scalene

attachments- from the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae to 1st rib

function- elevation of 1st rib (during forced inspiration) & lateral flexion of the neck

innervation- ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply- ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a

Answer 9

Posterior scalene

attachments- from lower cervical transverse processes to the 2nd rib

function- elevation of the rib (during forced inspiration)

innervation- ventral rami of cervical spinal n.

blood supply- ascending cervical, suprascapular & transverse cervical a.

Question 10

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 10

attachments- from the lateral aspect of the mastoid process & superior nuchal line to the manubrium & medial 1/3rd of the clavicle

function- flexion of the head & neck, & *contralateral rotation of the head

innervation- accessory n

blood supply- occipital, posterior auricular, superior thyroid & suprascapular a.

Question 11

Sternohyoid

Answer 11

attachments- from the posterior side of the proximal clavical & adjacent manubrium to the inferior border of body of the hyoid

function- depresses the hyoid

innervation- ansa cervicalis (C2, C3)

blood supply- superior thyroid & lingual a.

Question 12

Sternothyroid

attachments- from the posterior aspect of the manubrium to the thyroid lamina

function- depression of the elevated larynx

innervation- ansa cervicalis (C2, C3)

blood supply- superior thyroid &lingual a

Answer 12

Question 13

Stylohyoid

Answer 13

attachments- from the styloid process to the *greater cornu of the hyoid

function- elevation & retraction of the hyoid

innervation- *facial n.

blood supply- occipital, posterior auricular & facial a.

Question 14

Thyrohyoid

Answer 14

attachments- from the thyroid lamina to the hyoid body

function- depression of the hyoid or elevation of the thyroid cartilage

innervation- ventral ramus of C1 via the hypoglossal n.

blood supply- superior thyroid & lingual a.