Cranial Nerves Flashcards
Olfactory
Number: 1
Type: sensory
Main Action: smell
Damage: anosmia
Optic
Number: 2
Type: sensory
Main Action: vision
Damage: partial or full blindness in one or both eyes
Oculomotor
Number: 3
Type: motor
Main Action: controls eye movements, constriction of pupil
Damage: ipsilateral oculomotor palsy, eye turns down and out, pupils remain dilated, eyelids droop
Trochlear
Number: 4
Type: motor
Main Action: assists in controlling eye movement, inferolateral movements
Damage: inability to look down when eye is adducted
Trigeminal
Number: 5
Type: both
Main Action: sensory to forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, jaw, muscle of mastication
Damage: loss of pain and touch, paralysis of muscles of mastication
Abducens
Number: 6
Type: motor
Main Action: assists in controlling eye movement, turns eyes laterally
Damage: unable to turn eye laterally which causes double vision
Facial
Number: 7
Type: both
Main Action: muscles of facial expression, sensory taste on anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Damage: paralysis of muscles of facial expression, loss of taste
Vestibulocochlear
Number: 8
Type: sensory
Main Action: hearing and balance
Damage: progressive hearing loss, problems with balance
Glossopharyngeal
Number: 9
Type: both
Main Action: tongue and pharynx for taste and general sensation to posterior one-third of tongue, eustachian tube, tonsils
Damage: loss of taste, loss of sensation of palate on same side of injury
Vagus
Number: 10
Type: both
Main Action: voluntary muscles of larynx and superior esophagus, sensory to pharynx, larynx, digestive tract and heart
Damage: sagging of soft palate, hoarseness secondary to paralysis of vocal cords
Spinal Accessory
Number: 11
Type: motor
Main Action: SCM and trapezius
Damage: paralysis of SCM, inability to shrug shoulders
Hypoglossal
Number: 12
Type: motor
Main Action: supplies muscles of tongues
Damage: impaired speech secondary to inability to control tongue
