Abdominal Contents

Question 1

Esophagus

Answer 1

Tubular conveyor of food from pharynx to stomach

Passes through diaphragm at level of T10 vertebrate and enters stomach at cardiac sphincter at T11

Question 2

Cardiac Sphincter

Answer 2

Controls entrance of food into stomach

Remains closed unless food is ready to enter stomach to keep stomach acid from entering esophagus

Question 3

Stomach

Answer 3

Specialized for accumulation of ingested food which it mechanically and chemically prepares for digestion

Gastric juices contained in stomach gradually convert food into chyme

Question 4

Pyloric Sphincter

Answer 4

Controls discharge of stomach contents into small intestine

Question 5

Small Intestine

Answer 5

Consists of duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Absorb nutrients from digested food

Question 6

Large Intestine

Answer 6

Site where water is absorbed from indigestible residues of liquid chyme, converting it to feces which it temporary stores and allows to accumulate until defecation occurs

Question 7

Spleen

Answer 7

Largest lymphatic organ in body

Assists in defense against infection as site of WBCs proliferation and “graveyard” for RBCs

Question 8

Pancreas

Answer 8

Exocrine: produces pancreatic juice that enters duodenum through main and accessory pancreatic ducts to aid in digestion

Endocrine: produces glucagon and insulin release and store sugar in bloodstream

Question 9

Liver

Answer 9

All nutrients absorbed (except fat) from GI tract are cleansed through liver through portal circulation

Produces bile and stores glucagon

Question 10

Kidneys

Answer 10

Produce urine that is conveyed by ureters to urinary bladder

Question 11

Inferior Phrenic Arteries

Answer 11

Off abdominal aorta

Supply diaphragm and esophagus

Question 12

Superior, Middle and Inferior Suprarenal Arteries

Answer 12

Off abdominal aorta

Supply suprarenal glands

Question 13

Celiac Trunk

Answer 13

Off abdominal aorta

Common hepatic artery (liver)

Left gastric artery (stomach)

Splenic artery (spleen and pancreas)

Question 14

Left and Right Renal Arteries

Answer 14

Off abdominal aorta

Supplies kidneys

Question 15

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Answer 15

Off abdominal aorta

Superior half of small intestine and mesentery of small intestine

Question 16

Gonadal Artery

Answer 16

Off abdominal aorta

Supplies testes and ovaries

Question 17

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Answer 17

Off abdominal aorta

Inferior half of small intestine and all of large intestine

Question 18

Lumbar Arteries

Answer 18

Posterior abdominal wall and pelvic region