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Nervous System > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pathway of the olfactory nerve?

A

Receptors in olfactory epithelium, fibres pass through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enter olfactory bulb in anterior cranial fossa

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2
Q

What are the components of the olfactory nerve?

A

Special sensory - smell

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3
Q

What are clinical applications of the olfactory nerve?

A

Fractured cribriform plate may tear olfactory nerve fibres causing anosmia

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4
Q

What is the pathway of the optic nerve?

A

Enters via optic canal, nerves join to form optic chiasm

Fibres from medial half of each retina cross to form optic tract

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5
Q

What are the components of the optic nerve?

A

Special sensory - vision

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6
Q

What are the clinical applications of the optic nerve?

A

Increase in CSF pressure can cause papilloedema
Section of right optic nerve causes blindness through right eye
Section of optic chiasm causes loss of peripheral vision
Section of right optic tract causes blindness in left temporal and right nasal fields

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7
Q

What is the pathway of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Emerges from midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure

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8
Q

What are the components of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Somatic motor - extraocular muscles

Visceral motor - parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction and to ciliary muscle causing accommodation of lens

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9
Q

What are the clinical applications of the oculomotor nerve?

A

Drooping of upper eyelid (ptosis)
Eyeball abducted and pointing down
No pupillary reflex
No accommodation of lens

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10
Q

What is the pathway of the trochlear nerve?

A

Emerges from dorsal surface of mid brain and exits via superior orbital fissure

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11
Q

What are the components of the trochlear nerve?

A

Somatic motor - superior oblique muscle

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12
Q

What are the clinical applications of the trochlear nerve?

A

Diplopia when looking down

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13
Q

What is the pathway of the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion and exits via superior orbital fissure

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14
Q

What are the components of the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

General sensory - from cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses

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15
Q

What are the clinical applications of the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Loss of corneal or sneezing reflex

Trigeminal neuralgia - gentle touch becomes painful or there is constant pain

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16
Q

What is the pathway of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Emerges from the pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion and exits via foramen rotunda

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17
Q

What are the components of the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

General sensory - from face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, TMJ, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinus and palate

18
Q

What are the clinical applications of the maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve?

A

Loss of sensation in face

Trigeminal neuralgia

19
Q

What is the pathway of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Emerges from pons, travels through trigeminal ganglion and exits via foramen ovale

20
Q

What are the components of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

General sensory - from face over mandible, mandibular teeth, TMJ joint, mucosa of mouth and 2/3rds of tongue
Somatic motor - muscles of mastication, part of digastric, tensor veil palatine and tensor tympani

21
Q

What are the clinical applications of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?

A

Paralysis of muscles of mastication

Trigeminal neuralgia

22
Q

What is the pathway of the abducens nerve?

A

Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via superior orbital fissure

23
Q

What are the components of the abducens nerve?

A

Somatic motor - lateral rectus muscle

24
Q

What are the clinical applications of the abducens nerve?

A

Medial deviation of affected eye causing diplopia

25
Q

What is the pathway of the facial nerve?

A

Emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen

26
Q

What are the components of the facial nerve?

A

Somatic motor - muscles of facial expression and scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle
Visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation of submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose and palate
Special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue and soft palate
General sensory - external acoustic meatus

27
Q

What are the clinical applications of the facial nerve?

A

Most frequently injured due to long pathway through bone

Bells palsy - can’t frown, close eyelid or bare teeth

28
Q

What is the pathway of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Emerges from between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus

29
Q

What are the components of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Special sensory - vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle, saccule gives sense of position and movement
Hearing from spiral organ

30
Q

What are the clinical applications of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

Tinnitus
Deafness
Vertigo
Nystagmus

31
Q

What is the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

32
Q

What are the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Special sensory - taste from posterior 1/3rd of tongue
General sensory - cutaneous sensation from middle ear and posterior oral cavity
Visceral sensory - sensation from carotid body & carotid sinus
Visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland
Somatic motor - to stylopharyngess, helps with swallowing

33
Q

What are the clinical applications of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

Loss of gag reflex

Associated with injuries to CNs X and XI - jugular foramen syndrome

34
Q

What is the pathway of the vagus nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

35
Q

What are the components of the vagus nerve?

A

Special sensory - taste from epiglottis and palate
General sensory - sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus
Visceral sensory - pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach
Visceral motor - parasympathetic innervation muscle in bronchi, gut, heart
Somatic motor - pharynx, palate and oesopahgus

36
Q

What are the clinical applications of the vagus nerve?

A

Damage to pharyngeal branches cause difficulty in swallowing
Damage to laryngeal branches causes difficulty in speaking
Prominent notice of damage is to somatic motor component

37
Q

What is the pathway of the accessory nerve?

A

Small cranial and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen

38
Q

What are the components of the accessory nerve?

A

Somatic motor - striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx and larynx and to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

39
Q

What are the clinical applications of the accessory nerve?

A

Weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders

40
Q

What is the pathway of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Emerges from medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal

41
Q

What are the components of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Somatic motor - to muscles of tongue

42
Q

What are the clinical applications of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Vulnerable to damage during tonsillectomy

Causes paralysis and atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue - tip deviates towards affected side

Nervous System (16 decks)

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