Cerebral Hemispheres

Question 1

What are the dips and elevations of the cerebral hemispheres called?

Answer 1

Sulci - dips

Gyri - elevations

Question 2

What is the basal ganglia?

Answer 2

Collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in the white matter

Question 3

What are the cavities in each hemisphere called?

Answer 3

Lateral ventricle

Question 4

What is the fissure that separates the two hemispheres?

Answer 4

Medial longitudinal fissure

Question 5

What is the corpus callosum?

Answer 5

Axons going from one cerebral hemisphere to the other

Question 6

What sulcus goes all the way from the lateral sulcus to the medial surface and divides the cerebral hemispheres into lobes?

Answer 6

Central sulcus

Question 7

What part of the cerebral hemisphere is motor?

Answer 7

Anterior

Question 8

What part of the cerebral hemisphere is sensory?

Answer 8

Posterior

Question 9

What is the function of medial portions of the hemispheres? What is the name for these areas?

Answer 9

Limbic system - storage and retrieval of processed information

Question 10

What is area 4?

Answer 10

Frontal lobe - pre central gyrus

This is primary motor cortex

Question 11

What are areas 44 and 45?

Answer 11

Inferior frontal gyrus - Broca’s area of motor speech

Question 12

What is the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 12

Cognitive functions of higher order

Intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

Question 13

What is the parietal lobe?

Answer 13

Somatosensory

Question 14

What is the post-central gyrus?

Answer 14

Areas 3, 1, 2 - primary sensory area

Receives general sensations

Question 15

What is the superior parietal lobule?

Answer 15

Interpretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

Question 16

What is the inferior parietal lobule?

Answer 16

Global association area
Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas
Contributes to language functions in dominant hemisphere

Question 17

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 17

Hearing, smell

Question 18

What is the superior temporal gyrus?

Answer 18

Primary auditory cortex

Areas 41, 42

Question 19

What is the location of the auditory association areas and what is their function?

Answer 19

Posterior to 41, 42
Wernicke’s area in dominant hemisphere, crucial for understanding spoken word
Has connections with other language areas

Question 20

What is the function of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe?

Answer 20

Receives fibres from olfactory tract

Conscious appreciation of smell

Question 21

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 21

Vision

Question 22

What is located on the medial surface of the occipital lobe?

Answer 22

Area 17, primary visual cortex

Question 23

What are areas 18, 19?

Answer 23

Visual association cortex concerned with interpretation of visual images

Question 24

What is the limbic lobe responsible for?

Answer 24

Functional area

Question 25

What is aphasia?

Answer 25

Problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in the brain

Question 26

What is Broca's aphasia?

Answer 26

Understands speech but misses small words Aware of difficulties in speech Damage to frontal lobe, weakness/paralysis of one side of body

Question 27

What is Wernicke's aphasia?

Answer 27

Fluent speech with new words added Unaware of mistake Damage to temporal lobe

Question 28

What are commissural fibres?

Answer 28

Connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres | Found in corpus callosum

Question 29

What are association fibres?

Answer 29

Connect one part of the cortex with the other | May be short or long

Question 30

What are projection fibres?

Answer 30

Run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres Pass through corona radiate and internal capsule

Question 31

What is the internal capsule?

Answer 31

Made up of projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex Narrow area between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally

Question 32

What does the internal capsule derive blood supple from?

Answer 32

Middle cerebral artery

Question 33

What is the basal ganglia?

Answer 33

Subcortical nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere

Question 34

What composes the basal ganglia?

Answer 34

Caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

Question 35

What is the major function of the basal ganglia?

Answer 35

Help regulate initiation and termination of movements

Question 36

What are the input regions of the basal ganglia?

Answer 36

Caudate nucleus and putamen | Receive input from motor cortex, premotor cortex and thalamus

Question 37

What are the output regions of the basal ganglia?

Answer 37

The globus pallid us and substantia nigra

Question 38

Where does the globus pallidus project?

Answer 38

Thalamus which then sends fibres to motor area of cortex