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Nervous System > Cerebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

Cerebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

What are the dips and elevations of the cerebral hemispheres called?

A

Sulci - dips

Gyri - elevations

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2
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

Collection of neuronal cell bodies buried in the white matter

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3
Q

What are the cavities in each hemisphere called?

A

Lateral ventricle

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4
Q

What is the fissure that separates the two hemispheres?

A

Medial longitudinal fissure

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5
Q

What is the corpus callosum?

A

Axons going from one cerebral hemisphere to the other

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6
Q

What sulcus goes all the way from the lateral sulcus to the medial surface and divides the cerebral hemispheres into lobes?

A

Central sulcus

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7
Q

What part of the cerebral hemisphere is motor?

A

Anterior

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8
Q

What part of the cerebral hemisphere is sensory?

A

Posterior

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9
Q

What is the function of medial portions of the hemispheres? What is the name for these areas?

A

Limbic system - storage and retrieval of processed information

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10
Q

What is area 4?

A

Frontal lobe - pre central gyrus

This is primary motor cortex

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11
Q

What are areas 44 and 45?

A

Inferior frontal gyrus - Broca’s area of motor speech

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12
Q

What is the prefrontal cortex?

A

Cognitive functions of higher order

Intellect, judgement, prediction and planning

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13
Q

What is the parietal lobe?

A

Somatosensory

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14
Q

What is the post-central gyrus?

A

Areas 3, 1, 2 - primary sensory area

Receives general sensations

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15
Q

What is the superior parietal lobule?

A

Interpretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

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16
Q

What is the inferior parietal lobule?

A

Global association area
Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas
Contributes to language functions in dominant hemisphere

17
Q

What is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

Hearing, smell

18
Q

What is the superior temporal gyrus?

A

Primary auditory cortex

Areas 41, 42

19
Q

What is the location of the auditory association areas and what is their function?

A

Posterior to 41, 42
Wernicke’s area in dominant hemisphere, crucial for understanding spoken word
Has connections with other language areas

20
Q

What is the function of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe?

A

Receives fibres from olfactory tract

Conscious appreciation of smell

21
Q

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

A

Vision

22
Q

What is located on the medial surface of the occipital lobe?

A

Area 17, primary visual cortex

23
Q

What are areas 18, 19?

A

Visual association cortex concerned with interpretation of visual images

24
Q

What is the limbic lobe responsible for?

A

Functional area

25
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in the brain

26
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Understands speech but misses small words
Aware of difficulties in speech
Damage to frontal lobe, weakness/paralysis of one side of body

27
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Fluent speech with new words added
Unaware of mistake
Damage to temporal lobe

28
Q

What are commissural fibres?

A

Connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres

Found in corpus callosum

29
Q

What are association fibres?

A

Connect one part of the cortex with the other

May be short or long

30
Q

What are projection fibres?

A

Run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres
Pass through corona radiate and internal capsule

31
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

Made up of projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex
Narrow area between the thalamus and caudate nucleus medially and lentiform nucleus laterally

32
Q

What does the internal capsule derive blood supple from?

A

Middle cerebral artery

33
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

Subcortical nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere

34
Q

What composes the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

35
Q

What is the major function of the basal ganglia?

A

Help regulate initiation and termination of movements

36
Q

What are the input regions of the basal ganglia?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

Receive input from motor cortex, premotor cortex and thalamus

37
Q

What are the output regions of the basal ganglia?

A

The globus pallid us and substantia nigra

38
Q

Where does the globus pallidus project?

A

Thalamus which then sends fibres to motor area of cortex

Nervous System (16 decks)

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