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SHB Exam #1 > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

CN I

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Olfactory
FORAMEN: Cribriform plate
COMPONENT(S): SVA
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED: Olfactory nasal mucosa (smell)

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2
Q

CN II

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Optic
FORAMEN: Optic foramen (canal)
COMPONENT(S): SSA
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED: Eye (Rods/Cones)

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3
Q

CNIII

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Oculomotor
FORAMEN: Sup. orbital fissure
COMPONENT(S): (1)GVE (2)GSE
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED: (1) ciliary muscles and sphincter puppillae (2) sup., med., and inf. recti and inf. obl. eyeball muscles and levator palpebrae superiosis

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4
Q

CN IV

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Trochlear
FORAMEN: Sup. orbital fissure
COMPONENT(S): GSE
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED: Superior oblique eyeball muscle

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5
Q

CN V

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Trigeminal (Ophthalmic-V1, Maxillary-V2, Mandibular-V3)
FORAMEN: Sub. orbital fissure (V1), foramen rotundum (V2), foramen ovale (V3)
COMPONENT(S): GSA (V1, V2, V3), SVE (V3 only)
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED:

GSA controlled structures:
V1: skin of upper part of face (above orbit)
V2: skin of mid face, upper teeth, nasal and palatal mucosa
V3: skin of lower face and jaw, floor of mouth, mucosa of anterior 2/3rds of tongue (touch only– not taste), lower teeth and gums, ear pinna and canal

SVE controlled structures (V3 ONLY):
Motor to muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, tensor tympani, mylohyoid, tensor palatine (first arch muscles)

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6
Q

CN VI

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Abducens
FORAMEN: Sup. orbital fissure
COMPONENT(S): GSE
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED: motor to lateral rectus muscle

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7
Q

CN VII

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Facial
FORAMEN: Internal auditory meatus
COMPONENT(S): (1) GVA (2) SVA (3) GSA (4)GVE (5)SVE
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED:

(1) Deep sens. from soft palate
(2) Taste buds from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
(3) Sens. from small part of ear pinna
(4) Motor to submand. and subling glands., lacrimal glands, and glands in the nasal mucosa
(5) Motor to musc. facial expression, post.belly of digastric, stylohyoid and stapedius

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8
Q

CN VIII

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Auditory
FORAMEN: Internal auditory meatus
COMPONENT(S): SSA (1)cochlear (organ of corti) and (2) vestibular (semicircular canals)
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED: (1) Organ of corti in cochlear duct (2) semicircular canals, utricle and saccule

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9
Q

CN IX

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Glossol-Pharyngeal
FORAMEN: Jugular foramen
COMPONENT(S): (1) GVA (2) SVA (3) GSA (4)GVE (5)SVE
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED:

(1) Deep sens. from post. tongue, soft palate, pharynx, mucosa of tymp. cavity, post. auditory tube, carotid body and sinus.
(2) Taste buds post. 1/3 of tongue and adjacent pharynx
(3) Gen. sens from small part of outer ear pinna and canal
(4) Parasympathetics-parotid salivary gland (secretomotor) (lesser petrosal nerve to otic ganglian to parotid gland)
(5) Stylopharyngeaus muscle

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10
Q

CN X

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Vagus
FORAMEN: Jugular foramen
COMPONENT(S): (1) GVA (2) SVA (3) GSA (4)GVE (5)SVE
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED:

(1) Visc. sens from pharynx, esoph., trachea, larynx and abdom viscera
(2) Taste buds in epiglottis and glottis
(3) Sens. from small part of ear pinna, canal and tymp. Membr
(4) Thoracic and abdominal viscera
(5) Muscles of pharynx and larynx , the palate, the esophagus and cricothyroid

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11
Q

CN XI

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Spinal Accessory
FORAMEN: Jugular foramen and foramen magnum
COMPONENT(S): SVE
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED: Motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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12
Q

CN XII

Nerve name, Foramen, Components, and Main Structures Innervated

A

NAME: Hypoglossal
FORAMEN: Hypoglossal canal
COMPONENT(S): GSE
MAIN STRUCTURES INNERVATED: Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue (with the exception of palatoglossus)

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13
Q

When you see this component, think parasympathetic.

A

GVE

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14
Q

Which muscles originated from the “pharyngeal arches” (embryonic gills)?

A

SVE controlled muscles. All muscles controlled by CN’s 5, 7, 10 and one from 9, are SVE

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15
Q

Which Cranial Nerves travel through the orbital fissure?

A

3, 4, 5, 6

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16
Q

This nerve moves all but two muscles in the eye. What is the nerve and what are the two muscles it doesn’t move

A

CN III

Moves all muscles but Lateral Rectus and Superior Oblique

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17
Q

Parasympathetic nerves have ganglia where?

A

Just before their target organ

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18
Q

The Cranial Nerves which contain parasympathetic function.

A

3, 7, 9, 10

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19
Q

What is special about the Trochlear nerve?

A

It’s the only nerve that exits from the dorsal surface of the brain, is the most exposed on the surface of the brain, and has the smallest number of axons

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20
Q

List the Cranial Nerves

A 
I.Olfactory 
II.Optic 
III.Occulomotor
 IV.Trochlear 
V.Trigeminal 
VI.Abducens 
VII.Facial
 VIII.Acoustic
 IX. Glossopharyngeal 
X.Vagus
XI. Spinal Accessory
XII. Hypoglossal
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21
Q

Mneumonic for cranial nerves

A

Old Operators Occasionally Troll Triplets Aboard Flights. Accosting Grandmas Violently Slap Haters.

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22
Q

What foramen do the olfactory nerves travel through?

A

Cribiform Plate aka Ethmoid bone

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23
Q

Relationship between CN II and CN III

A

CN II “sees”, CN III “accommodates (adjust the eyes, pupil size etc.)”

24
Q

How do the parasympathetics of CN III enter?

A

Via the ciliary ganglion. This moves the ciliary muscle (accommodation, focusing) and the sphincter pupillae (constriction- pupillary light reflex)

25
Q

Trigeminal Nerves

A

Ophthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular

26
Q

NFL

A

These are branches off the Ophthalmic nerve (V1), and they go to the upper face. They are the Nasalcilliary, Frontal, and Lacrimal Nerves

27
Q

Important Mandibular Nerve Branches

A

(LIAM) Lingual, Inferior alveolar, Auriculotemporal, nerve to Mylehyoid

28
Q

Important Maxillary Nerve Branches

A

Zygomatics and Infraorbital

29
Q

The two different Lacrimal innervations

A

Trigeminal- Sensory only (you feel a hot nail in your eye)

Facial- Causes gland to release tears via lacrimal duct

30
Q

The 3 openings used for trigeminal nerves

A

Supraorbital Fissure, Foramen Rotundum, and Foramen Ovale

31
Q

What does the inferior alveolar eventually turn into?

A

The mental nerve, after it emerges from the mental foramen

32
Q

Lingual nerve goes OVER or UNDER mandible to get to the tongue? When it arrives, what function does it have?

A
  • Under

- Touch Sensory for the anterior 2/3rd of tongue

33
Q

Remembering the order of the fissures/ foramen in middle section of skull

A

Standing Room Only, Stupid

Superior Orbital Fissure, Rotundum, Ovale, Spinosum (all foramen)

34
Q

What runs through the Superior Orbital Fissure?

A

CN III, IV, V1, and VI

35
Q

What runs through the Foramen Rotundum?

A

V2

36
Q

What runs through the Foramen Ovale?

A

V3

37
Q

What runs through the Spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

38
Q

Name the nerve you use to see:

A

CNII

39
Q

Name the nerve you use to focus:

A

CN III (ciliary muscle)

40
Q

Name the nerve you use when looking at bright light:

A

CN III (sphincter pupillae)

41
Q

Name the nerve you use to open your eyes:

A

CN III (levator palpebrae)

42
Q

Name the nerve you use when you force your eyes closed.

A

CN VII

43
Q

Which nerve opens pupil wide– sympathetic or para?

A

sympathetic

44
Q

Which nerve opens eyelid extra wide– sympathetic or para?

A

sympathetic

45
Q

Functions of the oblique muscles.

A

IO UO, SO DO

Inferior Oblique- moves eyes Up and Out

Superior Oblique- moves eyes Down and Out

46
Q

When you think GSA, think…

A

Sensory of little parts outside the ear (near the auriculars)

47
Q

GVE component of the Facial Nerve.

A

Parasympathetic component.

Stimulates secretion from:

  • submandibular
  • sublingual
  • lacrimal glands

As well as the mucous membranes of the nasopharynx and hard/soft palates.

48
Q

What happens to the motor fibers of CN VII within the facial canal?

A

They divide into two groups to become the greater petrosal nerve and the chorda tympanic.

The greater petrosal nerve supplies the lacrimal, nasal, and palatine glands.

The chorda tympani supplies the submandibular and the sublingual glands.

This is all GVE functioning.

49
Q

CN V serves as a taxi cab for which Cranial nerves?

A

CN VII and IX. It lets their GVE components “hitch” a ride via the zygomatic, lingual or auriculotemporal components

50
Q

SVE component of CN VII

A

Originate from second pharyngeal arch.

Affect:

  • Muscles of Facial Expression ( TZBMC + Posterior auricular)
  • Posterior belly of Digastric
  • Stylohyoid
  • Stapedius (ear damper)
51
Q

How does CN VII enter and exit the skull?

A

Enters skull at the Internal Auditory Meatus (along with CN VIII). Exits skull at stylomastoid foramen.

52
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

CN VII irritation usually caused by a viral infection.

53
Q

What senses and monitors the bodies BP?

A

The carotid sinus via GVA function of CN IX

54
Q

7, 9, and 10 all relay GSA via the…

A

Spinal nucleus of 5

55
Q

GLOAP

A

Explains how, during GVE functioning of CN IX, the Glossopharyngeal nerve use the Lesser petrosal nerve to the Otic ganglian– then uses the Auriculotemproal nerve to the Parotid

56
Q

SVE Branches of CN X

A

Superior Laryngeal- Cricothyroid

Recurrent Laryngeal- Intrinsic Larynx (goes around aortic arch)

57
Q

Parasympathetic functioning of CN X

A

Increases digestion (via smooth muscles of GI tract).

Slows breathing and heart rate (SA/ AV node)

SHB Exam #1 (13 decks)

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