Arm/ Forearm

Question 1

How is the long head of the biceps associated with the humerus?

Answer 1

Its tendon runs over the head of the humerus and is held in place in the intertubercular groove via the transverse humeral ligament and the tendon of the pectoralis major.

Question 2

Bicipital aponeurosis

Answer 2

Overlies and protects the brachial artery and supports the medial cubital vein during venipuncture. Also protects the median nerve and separates superficial structures from deep structures in the cubital fossa.

Question 3

How do the Ulnar nerve and artery enter the hand?

Answer 3

Via the Canal of Guyon

Question 4

What do the ulnar nerve and artery ultimately give off?

Answer 4

The common interosseous nerve/artery which divide almost immediately to the anterior and posterior interosseous.

Question 5

Median Cubital Vein

Answer 5

Drains the superficial hand and forearm to empty into the basilic vein. The cephalic vein is a tributary of this vein.

Question 6

How does the radial nerve travel along the humerus?

Answer 6

Via the Radial groove

Question 7

Superficial Muscles of the Posterior Forearm

Answer 7

Bracioradialis, Anconeus, Extensor carpi radialis longus, Extensor Carpi radialis brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor digiti minimi, Extensor carpi ulnaris.

Question 8

Deep muscles of the Anterior Forearm

Answer 8

Flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus

Question 9

Superficial Muscles of the Anterior Forearm

Answer 9

Pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 10

Deep Muscles of the Posterior Forearm

Answer 10

Supinator, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor indicis

Question 11

What forms the carpal tunnel?

Answer 11

The flexor retinaculum (anterior of wrist)

Question 12

Floor, roof, and contents of the cubital fossa

Answer 12

Floor—> Brachialis and supinator muscles.

Roof—> Brachial/antebrachial fascia, reinforced by the bicipital aponeurosis

Contents—> Terminal part of the brachial artery , some deep veins, tendon of biceps brachii m., Median n., Radial n. (branches to superficial and deep branches here)

Question 13

What does the musculocutaneous nerve turn into at the elbow?

Answer 13

Lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

Question 14

Glenoid cavity

Answer 14

Socket where the humerous meets the scapula

Question 15

Cephalic Vein (Where does it run and where does it empty into?)

Answer 15

Runs through the entire upper limb and empties into the axillary vein

Question 16

The “3’s” of the Brachial Artery

Answer 16

(1) Runs over 3 muscles: Long head of triceps, coracobrachiaiis, brachialis
(2) Gives 3 main branches: Deep brachial (profunda brachii), the superior ulnar collateral, inferior ulnar collateral
(3) In contact with 3 important nerves: radial, ulnar and median
(4) Associated with 3 veins: 2 brachial veins (venae comitantes) and 1 basilic vein

Question 17

Roles of each head of the Triceps

Answer 17

Long head- least active.
Medial head- workhorse of forearm extension
Lateral head- typically the strongest generator of force, but functions primarily against active resistance

Question 18

Anatomical Snuff Box

Answer 18

• Formed by the abductor pollicis longus/ extensor pollicis brevis tendons laterally and the extensor pollicis longus tendon medially
• Radial artery runs through the floor (which is formed from scaphoid and trapezium bones)
• Superficial radial nerve runs across the roof