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VET 404: Neurology > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

cranial nerves

A

nerves that exit from the brain to transmit information to/from the brain

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2
Q

are cranial nerves part of the CNS or PNS

A

PNS

exceptions: CN I and II

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3
Q

where do most cranial nerves exit

A

ventral brainstem

exception: CN I and II (enter brain)

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4
Q

skull foramina

A

openings in the skull that allow passage of cranial nerves and vessels

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5
Q

extraocular muscles

A

muscles attached to the eye that are involved in eye movement

  1. dorsal rectus
  2. ventral rectus
  3. lateral rectus
  4. medial rectus
  5. dorsal oblique
  6. ventral oblique
  7. retractor bulbi
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6
Q

dorsal rectus

A

moves eye upward

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7
Q

ventral rectus

A

moves eye downward

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8
Q

lateral rectus

A

moves eye to the outside (away from nose)

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9
Q

medial rectus

A

moves eye to the inside (toward nose)

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10
Q

retractor bulbi

A

pulls eye back into socket

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11
Q

strabismus

A

misalignment of the eye

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12
Q

CN I

A

olfactory nerve
(NOT an actual nerve - bundle of sensory nerve fibers)

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13
Q

CN I function

A

afferent: special sense of smell
has olfactory receptors in nasal epithelium

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14
Q

CN I exit

A

olfactory bulb –> cribriform plate –> nasal epithelium

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15
Q

CN II

A

optic nerve
(NOT an actual nerve - bundle of sensory nerve fibers)

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16
Q

CN II function

A

afferent: supplies visual information
has rods/cones (receptors) in the retina

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17
Q

CN II entry

A

optic canal
enters cranial vault (NOT exit)

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18
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor nerve

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19
Q

CN III function

A

efferent: motor to 4 extraocular muscles (DR, VR, MR, VO) and lifts eyelid
parasympathetic: pupil constriction

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20
Q

CN III exit

A

orbital fissure

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21
Q

CN IV

A

trochlear nerve

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22
Q

CN IV function

A

efferent: motor to 1 extraocular muscle (contralateral DO)

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23
Q

CN IV exit

A

orbital fissure

exits brainstem dorsally

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24
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal nerve

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25
Q

CN V function

A

afferent: sensory to face
efferent: motor to muscles of mastication

26
Q

branches of CN V

A
  1. ophthalmic (afferent)
  2. maxillary (afferent)
  3. mandibular (efferent)
27
Q

CN V exits

A

ophthalmic: orbital fissure
maxillary: round/rostral alar foramen
mandibular: oval foramen

28
Q

CN VI

A

abducens nerve

29
Q

CN VI function

A

efferent: motor to 2 extraocular muscles (LR, RB)

30
Q

CN VI exit

A

orbital fissure

31
Q

CN VII

A

facial nerve

32
Q

CN VII function

A

afferent: special sense of taste, sensory to inner pinna
efferent: motor to muscles of facial expression
parasympathetic: salivary and lacrimal glands

33
Q

CN VII exit

A

stylomastoid foramen

34
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

35
Q

CN VIII function

A

afferent: sensory for hearing and balance

36
Q

CN VIII exit

A

internal acoustic meatus

exits cranial cavity NOT skull

37
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

38
Q

CN IX function

A

afferent: sensory and taste to upper pharynx and caudal 1/3 of tongue
efferent: motor to muscles of the pharynx
parasympathetic: visceral sensory information (BP, pCO2, blood pH), parotid and zygomatic salivary glands

39
Q

CN IX exit

A

jugular/tympano-occipital foramen

40
Q

CN X

A

vagus nerve

41
Q

CN X function

A

afferent: sensory to pharynx, back of ear, external meatus, taste to epiglottis
efferent: motor to muscles of the pharynx and most of larynx
parasympathetic: visceral sensory functions (decrease HR, increase bronchoconstriction, increase GI secretion/motility)

42
Q

CN X exit

A

jugular/tympano-occipital foramen

43
Q

CN XI

A

accessory nerve

44
Q

CN XI function

A

efferent: motor to muscles of larynx and esophagus, neck, and shoulders

45
Q

CN XI exit

A

jugular/tympano-occipital foramen

cranial and spinal roots split but both exit at same opening

46
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal nerve

47
Q

CN XII function

A

efferent: motor to intrinsic (some extrinsic) muscles of the tongue

48
Q

CN XII exit

A

hypoglossal foramen

49
Q

afferent only cranial nerves

A

CN I - olfactory
CN II - optic
CN VIII - vestibulocochlear

50
Q

efferent only cranial nerves

A

CN III - oculomotor
CN IV - trochlear
CN VI - abducens
CN XI - accessory
CN XII - hypoglossal

51
Q

mixed cranial nerves

A

CN V - trigeminal
CN VII - facial
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
CN X - vagus

52
Q

cranial nerves with parasympathetic fibers

A

CN III - oculomotor
CN VII - facial
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
CN X - vagus

53
Q

CN III (oculomotor) deficits

A

mydriasis
ventro-lateral strabismus
drooping eyelid

54
Q

CN IV (trochlear) deficits

A

difficult to assess rotation
best seen in animals with vertical/horizontal pupils

55
Q

CN VI (abducens) deficits

A

medial strabismus

56
Q

CN VII (facial) deficits

A

droopy face

57
Q

CN XII (hypoglossal) deficits

A

paralysis/paresis or atrophy of the tongue muscles

58
Q

CN V: ophthalmic branch function

A

sensory to upper part of face, dorsal nasal cavity, majority of eye and associated structures

59
Q

CN V: maxillary branch function

A

sensory to lower eyelid, lateral skin around eyes, nasal mucosa, upper teeth/lip/palate, and nose

60
Q

CN V: mandibular branch

A

sensory to rostral 2/3 of tongue, oral cavity, and lower face/teeth
motor to muscles of mastication, opens auditory tube

61
Q

CN V (trigeminal) deficits

A

ophthalmic: corneal ulcers due to loss of protective mechanism
mandibular: open jaw, head muscle atrophy

62
Q

salivation nerve pathway

A

afferent: CN VII (taste)
efferent: CN VII via chorda tympani nerve (parasympathetic)

VET 404: Neurology (23 decks)

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