Cranial Contents Flashcards
Spinal cord
Brain stem
Cerebellum
Anatomicall
Spinal cord continues with brainstem at foramen magnum…passes to L1/L2 level
Brainstem - pons, midbrain, medulla
Cerebellum - connects to posterior of brainstem
Diencephalon and cerebrum anatomically
Dien - thalamus, hypo, and epithalamus
Cerebrum - 2 hemispheres each with cerebral crotex and subcortical areas
Lingtiduinal fissure and sucli/gyri
Divides cerebral hemispheres
Sulci - crevice…gyri - bump
Central and lateral sulcus
Central divides fronal and parietal
Lateral (sylvian) divides frontal and patietal from temboral
Function of each lobe
Frontal - motor and exec
Parietal - somatosensory
Temporal - auditory, learning and memory
Occipital - visual
Insular lobe
Buried deep in lateral sulcus
Calvarium
Top part of neurocranium where bones are flat
Anterior/middle/posterior cranial fossa boundaries
Rostral - fronal bone
Caudal - lesser wing of sphenoid
Between lesser of sphenoid and petrous ridge of temporal
Posterior to petrous ridge of temporal
Contents of anterior/middle and posterior cranial fossa
Anerior - frontal lobe and olfactory bules
Middle - temporal, cavernous sinus and CNs associated…internal carotids enter
Posterior - cerebellum and brainstem
Ventricles of the brains
Lateral - C chaped
3rd - mid sagittal plane between thalamus
4th - posterior to the brainstem and level of pons and medulla
CSF circulation
SF produced by choroid plexus in the ventricles…through foramen of monroe (IV froamen) from lateral into 3rd ventricle…through cerebral aqueduct (between 3rd and 4th entricle) and through superior sagital sinus…CSF drains in dural venous sinuses through arachnoide granulations
Hydrocephalus
Water on the brain
Occurs if CSF circulation disrupted
Dura mater
Periosteal and meningeal laters…adherent except at folds and venous sinuses
Arachnoid membrane
Avascular and extends into pia mater…granulations are extensions that protrude through meningeal later of dura into superior sgitall sinus that hellps reabsorb CSF
Epidural space
Subdural space
Subarahcnoid space
Potential space between inner surface of skull and dura mater…middle meningeal artery
Potential space ebtween dura and arachnoide membranes…bridging veins run throgu here
Between arachnoid and piua and full of CSF
Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli Tentorial incisure Diaphragm sella Falx cerebelli
In long fissure
Covers upper of cerebellum
Passage of midbrain to thalamus
Roof of cavernous sinus
Below the tentorium cerebllum and similar to falx cerebri
Dural venous sinuses located in
Margins of dural fold s
Dural venous sinuses empty into
IJV (eventually)
Subdural hematoma vs epidural hematoma vs subarachnoide hemorrhage
Cerebral veins
Meningeal arteries
Major arteries of the brain
Cavernous sinus contents
ICA
3,4,V1,V2, and 6
Cavernous sinus connections
Sigmoud and transverse posteriorly
Opthalmic veins anteriorly
Pterygoid plexus of veins in depp face
ICA and vertebral artery paths
ICA - through carotid canal
Vertebral - through foramen magnum and form signular basilar artery
ICA branches
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
POsterior communicating (connects ICA to posterior cerebral artery)
ACA
Runs in longitudinal fissue to supply medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres and deep regions of brains
Middle cerebral artery
Runs in lateral missure to supply lateral sides of cerebral cortex and deep regions of brains
Watershed regions
Most distal regions…most susceptible to ischemia and infarctio n
Vertebral artery
Branch of subclavian…form the basilar which split into the right and left posterior arteires
Posterior cerebral artery
Supplies occipital cortex and is terminal branch of basilar artery
Circle of willis
ICA ACA Acommunicating artery PCA Post communicating
Middle is NOT a part and is a terminal brain of internal carotid
Berry aneurysms
Arise from arterial branch points in circle of willis
