CNS Anatomy

Question 1

Penduncles for Cerebellum

Answer 1

Superior - efferent fibers from cerebellum
Middle - affarent fibers from pontine nuclei
Inferior - cerebellar affarent fibers (vestibular, propioceptive)

All white matter

Question 2

Exception to penduncles

Answer 2

Superior also carries affarents from spinal border neurons (anterior spinocerebellar tract)

Inferior also carries efferents to vestibular nuclei

Question 3

Orientation below midbrain and above

Answer 3

Below…up=rostral, down=caudal, front=anterior(ventral), back=posterior (dorsal)

Above…up=dorsal, down=ventral, front=rostral(frontal), back=caudal (occipital)

Question 4

Gyri important

Answer 4

Pre-central gyrus - motor

Post-cnetrla gyrus - snesory

Question 5

Cerebral cortex composition

Answer 5

Surface is Gray matter

Has layer of white matter below that makes up internal capsule and corpus callosum

Question 6

Subcortical areas

Answer 6

Found DEEP in the cerebral hemispheres…basal ganglia, diencephalon, and limbic areas

Question 7

3rd and 4th ventricle boundaries

Answer 7

3rd - thalamus

4th - posterior to brainstem, anterior to cerebeluum, level of pons and medulla

Question 8

Parts of lateral ventricle and lobes

Answer 8

Frontal - fontral
Body - parietal
Posteiro - occipital
Inferior - temporal

Question 9

Subfalcine hernation

Answer 9

Cingulate gyrus hernaites under the falx cerebri…will mess up the lateral ventricle

Question 10

Tonsilar hernation

Answer 10

Tonsils of cerebellum herniates through foramen magun…compresses medulla and cause disrupts CV homesotasis…also affects vertebral arteries

Question 11

Tentorial hernation

Answer 11

Herniation around tentorial incisure (especially uncus) to pass inferiorly through tentorial incisure…(can affect midbrain..CN3 and 4 and posterior cerebral artery)

Question 12

Middle cerebral artery lticulostriate branches

Answer 12

Deep branchs that supply subcortical areas like basal ganglia and posterior limb of the internal capsule

At a right angle to the middle

Question 13

Deep branches of anterior cerebral artery

Answer 13

Supply rostral basal ganglia and anterior limg of internal capsule

Question 14

Anterior spinal artery
PICA
Posterior spinal artery

Answer 14

Anterior spinal - level of medulla…single…supplies anterior 2/3 or spinal cord
PICA - supplies medulla, caudal cerebeullum and may be origin of posterior spinal arteries
Posterior spinal - supply posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

Question 15

Basilar artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
Pontine arteries

Answer 15

Basialy - formed from union of 2 vertebral on anterior side of brainstem
Anterior inferior - caudal branch of basilar…supplies caudal pons, surface of cerebellum and choroid plexus
Pontine - supply pons

Question 16

Lbyrinthe artery
Superior cerebellar artery
Posterrior cerebral artery

Answer 16

Labyrinthe - internal auditory meatues
Superior cerebellar - superior surface of cerebellum and midbrain
Posterior cerebral - supplies midbrain…cortical branches supply inferior and medial temporal and occipital cortex…deep branches supply subcortical areas like thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 17

Important superficial veins of the brain

Answer 17

Superior anastomotic veins of trolard - empties into superior sagittal sinus and anastomoss with vein of labbe

Inferior anastomotic vein of labbe - empties into trasverse sinus

Question 18

Deep veins

Answer 18

Internal cerebral veins - begin at IV formane…travle on roof of 3rd ventricle…drain deep brain regions like diencephalon and basal ganglia…empty into Great cerebral vein

Basal veins of rosenthal - pass on lateral side of midbrain to empty into great…drain the ventral cortex and midbrain

Great vein - unites with inferior sagittal sinus to drain into straight sinus

Question 19

BBB

Answer 19

Normal capillaires are fenetrated

In brain, tight junctions and astrocytes help create BBB
O2 and CO2 (lipid soluble) can still diffuse across the lining

Other things must be active trasnport

Question 20

Neurohypophysis and median eminence

Answer 20

Neuro - in sella turcica and connected to hypothalamus

Median eminence - base of hyperthalamus

Both important for hypothalmic and pituitary function

Question 21

Area postrema and pineal body

Answer 21

Area - in caudal 4th ventricle and triggers vomiting (connected to vagal complex)

Pineal - produces melatonin