CRAM WHATEVER

Question 1

Meiosis I

Answer 1

Prophase: Nuclear Envelope dissolves, chromatin condenses to form chromosomes, homologous pairs match up, crossing over occurs, Metaphase I: Independant assortment, homologus pairs align side by side, Anaphase: Homologus chromosomes pulled to opposite ends of cell, Telophase: Nuclei reform on opposite sides of the cell

Question 2

Meiosis II

Answer 2

Prophase II: Centrioles are replicated moved to opposite poles nuclear envelope dissolves, Metaphase II: Chromosomes lined up along metaphase plate, Anaphase II: Sister Chromatids are seperated and moved to opposite poles, Telophase: nuclei reform on opposite sides of cell

Question 3

How does Down Syndrome occur

Answer 3

errors in meiosis, non-disjunction event is the cause, it is failure of chromosomes or Sister chromatids to seperate during meiosis.

Question 4

Mendel’s theory of heredity

Answer 4

Each physical trait is coded by heritable unit called a gene, each gene is inherited as two versions called alleles one from mom and one from dad

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

The genotype is an organism’s genetic information, genotype dictates phenotype

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

Phenotype is the set of observable physical traits, genotype determines phenotype

Question 7

Metabolism

Answer 7

The chemical processes inside a cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenence of life. Substances are broken down and/or synthesized

Question 8

Catabolic Vs Anabolic pathways

Answer 8

Catabolic breaks apart, anabolic builds larger molecules from smaller ones.

Question 9

Endergonic vs Exergonic

Answer 9

Endergonic requires energy to perform, exergonic release energy

Question 10

Kinetic vs Potential

Answer 10

Kinetic energy is energy of motion , potential energy is built up that once released will have powerful impact/movement

Question 11

Describe the ATP molecule

Answer 11

Adenosine Triphosphate, adenosine + ribose and three phosphates bonded. One bond is high energy bond, ATP is used by breaking off the phosphate with the high energy bond

Question 12

ATP functions/what it’s used for

Answer 12

Cell Movement, Active Transport, Muscle Movement, Enzyme Activation/Catalyzing Chemical Reactions, Food Digestion,

Question 13

Chemical Formula Cellular Respiration

Answer 13

C6H12o6 + 6o2 ->ATP–> 6Co2 + 6H2O + ATP. Glucose oxidized, O2 is reduced.

Question 14

Photosynthesis

Answer 14

6Co2 + H2O + ATP –> C6H12o6 + 6o2

Question 15

Glycolosis produces

Answer 15

2 NADH, 4 ATP, two 3 Carbon Pyruvates, Co2

Question 16

Krebs cycle

Answer 16

mitochondria in matrix, 36 ATP produced per glucose, produces ATP, NADH, FADH2 and CO2

Question 17

Charles Darwin

Answer 17

witnessed different traits in different birds in same species who evolved to eat different foods